Interferon Crevicular Fluid Profile and Correlation with Periodontal Disease and Wound Healing: A Systemic Review of Recent Data

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to see if there is a correlation between the effect of interferons in crevicular fluid and periodontitis, evaluating literature. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that, when activated by its receptor, plays an important role in the activation of inflammatory processes, which are the basis of periodontal disease. Stem cells in the periodontal ligament, like stem cells from other tissues, have immunomodulatory capacity and are regulated by some cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The study searched MEDLINE databases from 2008 to 2018. Clinical human in vitro and in vivo studies had reported a correlation between interferon and periodontitis. The initial search obtained 359 citations. After screening and determination of eligibility, nine articles were included in the review. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in IFN-γ gene expression were observed in some studies in the chronic periodontitis group. In some cases it was suggested that molecular mechanisms underlie the possible roles of IFN-γ in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Neopterin belongs to the chemical group known as pteridines. It is synthesised by human macrophages upon stimulation with the interferon-gamma. Neopterin concentrations in body fluids are high in the case of infections, immune diseases or graft rejection. In the chronic periodontitis group, this marker is significantly higher. These studies underlined the clinical evidence between interferons in the crevicular fluid and inflammatory response of periodontitis. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence that could lead the clinician to an interferon-modulated therapy because of periodontitis.

Prediabetes/Diabetes Can Be Screened at the Dental Office by a Low-Cost and Fast Chair-Side/Point-of-Care aMMP-8 Immunotest

“…It is also important to report that a link between the presence of periodontitis and negative consequences for general health has also emerged. Extensive epidemiological data have shown that periodontal disease increases the risk of poor glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as diabetes complications and associated morbidity, due to the release of bacterial products and inflammatory mediators from periodontal pockets into the bloodstream [1,2,17]. Findings of the present study suggest that screening at the dental office for prediabetes/diabetes based on a validated questionnaire (such as the one suggested by CDC) is greatly enhanced by the aMMP-8 chair-side/PoC testing.…”

Active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) as a Grading and Staging Biomarker in the Periodontitis Classification

“…Many other potential biomarkers to detect periodontitis and related systemic diseases have been investigated as well [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]; these include, along with others, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), C-reactive protein, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), PMN elastase, vitamin C and also antioxidants [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. For example, vitamin C is linked to oxidative MMP-activation cascade by its recorded ability to prevent the oxidative activation of proMMP-8 [44].…”

Comparison of Root Surface Wear and Roughness Resulted from Different Ultrasonic Scalers and Polishing Devices Applied on Human Teeth: An In-Vitro Study

“…Periodontal diseases are inflammatory disorders that begin with gingivitis, progress to periodontitis, and, if left untreated, may result in irreversible destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. The microbial biofilm covering the tooth surface supports chronic inflammation and may have both local and systemic destructive potential [1]. Growing evidence regarding the two-way association between an individual's periodontal and systemic health conditions suggests the importance of periodontal disease prevention and the need for proper treatment strategies [1].…”