Interference with thyroid histogenesis by inhibitors of collagen synthesis.

Hilfer, S. Robert; Pakstis, G L

doi:10.1083/jcb.75.2.446

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Under in vitro conditions, Hilfer (30) demonstrated that chick embryo thyroid cells in monolayer culture will reorganize into follicles in the absence of TSH when co-cultured with mesenchymal cells derived from thyroid capsule or heart tissue. The epithelial cells themselves, however, seem to be responsible for the pattern of lobulation within the developing gland (31). Indeed, using trypsin-isolated thyroid cells from adult rat glands, Mallette and Anthony (44) described the reformation of follicles in the absence of added TSH under culture conditions of high cell density and limited cell mobility.…”

Section: Basal and Tsh-stimulated Synthesis Of Tgbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reorganization of porcine thyroid cells into functional follicles in a chemically defined, serum- and thyrotropin-free medium.

Fayet¹,

Hovsépian²,

Dickson³

et al. 1982

The Journal of Cell Biology

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In the serum-free, chemically defined medium NCTC 109, freshly isolated porcine thyroid cells aggregate and form functional follicles in culture even in the absence of thyrotropin. The follicular pattern observed under light and electron microscopy express the main morphological characteristics of in vivo thyroid cells. Follicles are large, replete with dense colloid, and the apical pole of cells is characterized by well-developed microvilli and the presence of aminopeptidase N. The index of iodide transport activity (' 25 1-C/M ratio) decreases vs . days of culture to a resting value of about 1 or 2 at day 2. Addition of thyrotropin (200 pU/ ml final concentration) at day 4 is followed by a 10-fold increase in iodide transport activity within 24 h and a 40-fold increase 4 d later. Incorporation and organification of iodide are dose dependent between 0 and 250 ,uU/ml thyrotropin; highest concentrations (4,000-16,000 p,U/ ml) are significantly inhibitory . In the absence of thyrotropin each cell synthesizes 8.2 pg thyroglobulin/d . Acute stimulation by thyrotropin at day 4 resulted in a slight decrease in the quantity of thyroglobulin present in the cell layer but in an increase in the total amount of thyroglobulin recovered in both cells and medium, reaching 34 .3 pg/cell/d . The protein exported into the medium is thyroglobulin, as shown by SDS PAGE and immunological properties . Here we demonstrate that porcine thyroid cells can be maintained in culture as resting, highly differentiated, follicular-associated cells, sensitive to acute stimulation by thyrotropin.A model system of thyroid cells in culture able to reproduce the main characteristics of the thyroid gland should resemble in vivo follicles with respect to expression of morphological differentiation offollicle-associated cells (26), expression of the specific thyroid metabolism leading to synthesis of thyroglobulin (Tgb) and thyroid hormones (43), and simulation of the events following the interaction between thyroid cells and their physiological stimulator, thyrotropin (TSH) (9) .On the basis of light microscope examination, the reorganization of isolated TSH-stimulated cells into follicle-like structures has been reported in primary cultures of thyroid tissue from sheep (36), lamb (34), hog (13,14,32), steer (59), dog (65), and man (8) The metabolic properties of thyroid cells in vitro have been studied in a general fashion by the same authors . In primary culture, a rapid decrease in thyroxine (T4) production (29), Tgb synthesis (32, 52), and iodide binding (37) are observed. The loss of these activities was retarded but not prevented by exposure of cells to TSH (37). However, in the presence of TSH, porcine thyroid cells actively trap iodide (17), synthesize Tgb (13,32,41), and produce T4 (41) after several days in culture . (For a review, see Lissitzky et al. [421).Some regulatory events relating to TSH action have also been described in support-anchored thyroid cell culture systems and in isolated follicles in suspension. Acute effects...

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Section: Basal and Tsh-stimulated Synthesis Of Tgbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reorganization of porcine thyroid cells into functional follicles in a chemically defined, serum- and thyrotropin-free medium.

Fayet¹,

Hovsépian²,

Dickson³

et al. 1982

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…Invagination of the otic primordium has shown ATP and calcium independence (Hilfer et al, 1989). This finding would indicate that the actin/myosin cytoskeletal motoring model for invagination in other primordia, such as the neural plate (Burnside, 1973; Sadler et al, 1982; Lee et al, 1983), thyroid (Shain et al, 1972; Hilfer and Pakstis, 1977), pancreas (Wessells and Evans, 1968), and optic vesicle (Brady and Hilfer, 1981) is not the primary mechanism responsible for invagination of the otic placode. Rather, it resembles more the elevation of neural folds in the chick embryo which is motivated by extrinsic forces (Schoenwolf et al, 1988).…”

mentioning

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Perturbation of extracellular matrix prevents association of the otic primordium with the posterior rhombencephalon and inhibits subsequent invagination

Visconti

Hilfer

2001

Developmental Dynamics

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In the avian embryo, the otic primordia become visible by Hamburger and Hamilton stage 10 as a pair of thickened regions of head ectoderm. In contrast to other epithelial primordia, invagination occurs by means of formation of a series of folds in distinct areas of the primordium, giving the otic vesicle a box-like appearance. Because previous work has shown that otic invagination is ATP and calcium independent, it is unlikely that cytoskeletal changes are the primary mechanism responsible for invagination as in other epithelial primordia. Interaction of the primordium with surrounding tissues may provide the force for otic invagination. These extracellular forces may be transduced through extracellular matrix macromolecules and their cell surface receptors. This investigation tests the hypothesis that fusion of the otic and hindbrain basal laminae between stages 11 and 13 is necessary for normal invagination. Perturbation of binding of the otic primordium to the neural tube was accomplished by means of microinjection of antibodies to various extracellular matrix components and integrin subunits into the head mesenchyme in the otic region at stage 10. Only antibodies to laminin and integrins caused detachment of the otic primordium from the hindbrain. These experiments suggest that fusion of the otic and hindbrain basal laminae is required for subsequent invagination and, furthermore, that this event is mediated by components of the extracellular matrix.

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Transformation of the endostyle of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis. II. Electron microscopy

Wright

Youson

1980

Journal of Morphology

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Electron microscopy was used to follow the transformation of the endostyle to a thyroid gland in the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., throughout metamorphosis (stages 1-7). Transformation of the larval (ammocoete) endostyle begins at the first signs of external change (stages 1-2), and the adult form of the gland is reached by stage 5. Only slight modifications of the gland accompany further development to the end of metamorphosis. Development of the thyroid gland involves degeneration, proliferation, and reorganization of the cells in the endostyle, and changes in their fine structure. Ultrastructural changes during early stages are most obvious in the type 1 cells that make up the shrinking glandular tracts, and involves the accumulation of cytoplasmic microfilaments and a variety of cytoplasmic inclusions. The glandular tracts and their cells gradually disappear through autolysis and, apparently, through phagocytosis by neighboring epithelial cells and macrophages. Although the fine structure of the type 2, 3, 4, and 5 cells is not altered in the early stages, by stage 3, many of these cells become either vacuolated, undergo autolysis, or are extruded. Phagocytosis of some of each of these cell types likely occurs. Thyroid follicles are first observed during stage 4. Some of their lumina seem to arise from the accumulation of material in intercellular spaces and from vacuoles among cell clusters. Other lumina may represent a portion of the original lumen of the endostyle. Many follicles appear to be comprised of cells with cytological characteristics similar to those of larval cell types 3 and 2c. Some of the other larval cell types, such as type 5, may also be involved. In young adult lampreys follicles are composed of cuboidal to columnar cells that lack the dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum seen in follicular cells of higher vertebrates. Dense collagenous connective tissue surrounding the follicles contains relatively few blood vessels. The transformation process described may have some relevance to our understanding of the development and evolution of the vertebrate thyroid gland.

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Interference with thyroid histogenesis by inhibitors of collagen synthesis.

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Reorganization of porcine thyroid cells into functional follicles in a chemically defined, serum- and thyrotropin-free medium.

Reorganization of porcine thyroid cells into functional follicles in a chemically defined, serum- and thyrotropin-free medium.

Perturbation of extracellular matrix prevents association of the otic primordium with the posterior rhombencephalon and inhibits subsequent invagination

Transformation of the endostyle of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis. II. Electron microscopy

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