Interference reflection microscopic study of sites of association between gliding bacteria and glass substrata

Godwin, S L; Fletcher, Madilyn; Burchard, Robert P.

doi:10.1128/jb.171.9.4589-4594.1989

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Helical structures in F. johnsoniae cells were previously observed by scanning electron microscopy (26), but their relationship to motility was uncertain since mutants were not analyzed. Observations of rotation of the cell body during movement have also been reported for some gliding bacteria related to F. johnsoniae (4,15,41) and are consistent with a helical arrangement of some components of the motility apparatus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Flavobacterium johnsoniae GldJ Is a Lipoprotein That Is Required for Gliding Motility

2005

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Cells of Flavobacterium johnsoniae glide rapidly over surfaces by an unknown mechanism. Eight genes required for gliding motility have been described. Complementation of the nonmotile mutant UW102-48 identified another gene, gldJ, that is required for gliding. gldJ mutants formed nonspreading colonies, and individual cells were completely nonmotile. Like previously described nonmotile mutants, gldJ mutants were deficient in chitin utilization and were resistant to bacteriophages that infect wild-type cells. Cell fractionation and labeling studies with [ 3 H]palmitate indicated that GldJ is a lipoprotein. Mutations in gldA, gldB, gldD, gldF, gldG, gldH, or gldI resulted in normal levels of gldJ transcript but decreased levels of GldJ protein.Expression of truncated GldJ protein in wild-type cells resulted in a severe motility defect. GldJ was found in regular bands that suggest the presence of a helical structure within the cell envelope.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Flavobacterium johnsoniae GldJ Is a Lipoprotein That Is Required for Gliding Motility

2005

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“…strain U67 did not produce large amounts of extracellular material. The concept that gliding bacteria make close contact with their substratum is further supported by recent interference reflection microscopic studies (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Surface proteins of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga sp. strain U67 and its mutants defective in adhesion and motility

Burchard

Bloodgood

1990

J Bacteriol

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Surface proteins of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga sp. strain U67 that make contact with glass substrata were radioiodinated, using a substratum-immobilized catalyst (Iodo-Gen). At least 15 polypeptides were iodinated, fewer than the number labeled by surface biotinylation of whole cells; these polypeptides define the set of possible candidates for the surface protein(s) that mediates gliding-associated substratum adhesion. The labeling of three adhesion-defective mutants exhibited two characteristic patterns of surface iodination which involved addition, loss, or alteration of several polypeptides of high molecular weight. An adhesion-competent revertant of mutant Adh3 and one of Adh2 exhibited the wild-type labeling pattern. Two other Adh2 revertants resembled their adhesion-defective parent. The labeling pattern of surface polypeptides of a nongliding but adhesive cell strain was similar to that of the wild type.

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“…(growth rate constant [k] = 0.52) and observed in wet mounts at ambient temperatures (22 to 24°C) demonstrated rapid adhesion to the glass, followed by short glides interspersed with flips (2,7,10). On agar, the predominant movement was that of rafts of closely associated gliding cells that could be detected within a few minutes; isolated bacteria demonstrated little translocation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike some other gliding bacteria (8), 25°C-adapted Cytophaga sp. strain U67 appears to be relatively rigid (7,10).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations of the sinistral revolution of Flexibacter polymorphus during gliding and its helical propulsion of microspheres led Ridgway and Lewin to propose that the translocational force is produced at many independent but functionally coordinated adsorption sites rather than by linearly arrayed tracks (20). In fact, rotation around the cellular long axis may be a general characteristic of gliding in members of the family Cytophagaceae (7).…”

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Effect of temperature shifts on gliding motility, adhesion, and fatty acid composition of Cytophaga sp. strain U67

1990

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Gliding motility and flipping of 25°C-adapted Cytophaga sp. strain U67 were inhibited when the bacteria were shifted to a <12'C environment; motility was not blocked by a shift to 13°C. Bacteria adapted to 4°C were motile over the entire 4 to 25°C temperature range tested. U67 adhesion to the substratum appeared to be unaffected by temperature shifts. Bacteria adapted to 4°C had higher proportions of unsaturated and branched-chain fatty acids than did those grown at 25°C. When 25°C-adapted bacteria were subjected to a gradual temperature decline, the time of reappearance of gliding competence at 4 to 5°C was correlated with these changes in fatty acid composition.The gliding bacteria are a taxonomically heterogeneous assemblage (19) that translocates on surfaces by a mechanism(s) that is still not understood. Several mechanistic models for motility invoke actively moving components or longitudinally or helically propagated waves of compression or deformation in the cell envelope (reviewed in references 1, 3, and 17). Two of these models (in addition to gliding) account for the nontranslocational motile behaviors of members of the family Cytophagaceae. These behaviors include flipping on one pole, pivotting, and active propulsion of microscopic particles that adhere to the bacterial surface (2,10,18,20).One of these comprehensive models was developed from observations of Cytophaga sp. strain U67. The model involves longitudinal movements of bacterial surface adsorption sites in a track system fixed to the underlying peptidoglycan layer of the cell envelope (10). Observations of the sinistral revolution of Flexibacter polymorphus during gliding and its helical propulsion of microspheres led Ridgway and Lewin to propose that the translocational force is produced at many independent but functionally coordinated adsorption sites rather than by linearly arrayed tracks (20). In fact, rotation around the cellular long axis may be a general characteristic of gliding in members of the family Cytophagaceae (7).The hypothesized active movement of components within the outer membrane or of the outer membrane itself implies some degree of fluidity. In fact, the gliding bacteria are considered to be flexible cells with a relatively fluid cell envelope (8). Changes in cell envelope fluidity, such as that predicted to result from a sharp decline in temperature to one below the cell envelope lipid crystalline-gel phase transition, might inhibit the function of the putative mobile elements. Only after homeoviscous adaptation of cell envelope lipids (21) would motility predictably be restored. Thermal regulation of bacterial membrane lipid fluidity has been reviewed, but there have been no reports of such regulation occurring in the gliding bacteria (4, 12, 13).We report here that shifting 25°C-grown Cytophaga sp. volumes were counted. The 5 p.l of cell suspension within the chamber was displaced by delivering an equal volume of sterile growth medium at one end of the cover slip and drawing it through the chamber with a 1-cm-wide p...

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Interference reflection microscopic study of sites of association between gliding bacteria and glass substrata

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Flavobacterium johnsoniae GldJ Is a Lipoprotein That Is Required for Gliding Motility

Flavobacterium johnsoniae GldJ Is a Lipoprotein That Is Required for Gliding Motility

Surface proteins of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga sp. strain U67 and its mutants defective in adhesion and motility

Effect of temperature shifts on gliding motility, adhesion, and fatty acid composition of Cytophaga sp. strain U67

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