Interference-optical Methods of Solid Mechanics

Razumovsky, I. A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11222-5

Cited by 33 publications

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“…Analogous character of scattering is observed in crystalline media [5][6][7] in which the beam polarization state also changes during beam propagation. However, because the birefringence effect in crystals is generally relatively strong, the similar scattering pattern can be seen with naked eye only in the direction close to the optical crystal axis where its intensity is low.…”

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“…Due to the fact that the electromagnetic waves are transverse in character, the scattered light intensity vanishes when the direction of light polarization plane coincides with the observation direction. Because the effect is rather weak, to observe several tracks, the cell length must be no smaller than ∼1 m (even when it is filled with the concentrated sugar solution).Analogous character of scattering is observed in crystalline media [5][6][7] in which the beam polarization state also changes during beam propagation. However, because the birefringence effect in crystals is generally relatively strong, the similar scattering pattern can be seen with naked eye only in the direction close to the optical crystal axis where its intensity is low.…”

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Analog of the Umov experiment in a birefringent medium

Bubis

2011

Russ Phys J

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Classical demonstration experiment on visualization of light polarization plane rotation in an optically active medium is the Umov experiment [1][2][3][4]. When a collimated polarized light beam passes through an optical cell filled with a sugar solution in water and radiation scattered at an angle of 90º to the direction of beam propagation is observed, a bright dashed line typical of light scattered in an isotropic medium is seen rather than a solid line. The essence of the phenomenon is that when the beam passes through the active medium, its polarization plane is rotated. Due to the fact that the electromagnetic waves are transverse in character, the scattered light intensity vanishes when the direction of light polarization plane coincides with the observation direction. Because the effect is rather weak, to observe several tracks, the cell length must be no smaller than ∼1 m (even when it is filled with the concentrated sugar solution).Analogous character of scattering is observed in crystalline media [5][6][7] in which the beam polarization state also changes during beam propagation. However, because the birefringence effect in crystals is generally relatively strong, the similar scattering pattern can be seen with naked eye only in the direction close to the optical crystal axis where its intensity is low.In the present work, experiments on light scattering in an Icelandic spar crystal and a Plexiglas bar are described. Linearly polarized He-Ne laser or laser pointer radiation with power 10 mW P ≤ passed through the spar crystal of low optical quality (red and green pointers were used). To observe a scattering track stripe in the crystal, the laser beam was incident in the direction close to the optical crystal axis (Z-cut). Figure 1a shows a photograph of the scattering pattern in the spar crystal 4.2 cm long. Since the birefringence intensity in the crystal depends on the direction of light propagation, smooth crystal rotation causes changes in the scattering stripe period. They were observed in our experiment. The bright dashed scattering straight line can also be observed in plexiglass where, as a rule, small residual birefringence is always presented [7]. Figure 1b shows a photograph of light scattering pattern in the organic glass rod 50 cm long. In both cases, no professional polishing of specimen sides is required for clear visibility of tracks. Their simple coating is sufficient. The birefringence intensity of the medium n Δ is related to the track period Λ by the formula / n Δ = λ Λ ; it is determined exactly enough. Based on observations of the scattering pattern through a polaroid that is rotated, it is easy to verify that radiation scattered at an angle of 90º is almost completely polarized.The above-described experiments whose ideology and observed pattern are analogous to the Umov experiment are performed with simple accessible materials. The track stripe of scattered light in both cases is well seen by naked eye in slightly turbid specimens in a darkened room. The experiments on measuring ...

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Analog of the Umov experiment in a birefringent medium

Bubis

2011

Russ Phys J

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“…According to Maxwell assumption (cf. Razumovsky, ) that principal values of the refractive indices n 1 , n 2 and n 3 are associated linearly with the principal stresses S 1 , S 2 and S 3 :

n_{1} = n + C_{1} S_{1} + C_{2} (S_{2} + S_{3}),

n_{2} = n + C_{1} S_{2} + C_{2} (S_{1} + S_{3}),

n_{3} = n + C_{1} S_{3} + C_{2} (S_{1} + S_{2}),

where n 1 , n 2 and n 3 and S 1 , S 2 and S 3 are the components of the refractive indices and stress in the directions X , Y and Z , respectively, and the fibre axis lies in the X direction. n is the mean refractive index and is given by

n = \frac{n_{1} + n_{2} + n_{3}}{3} .

…”

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A novel double‐image Fizeau system for accurate investigation of anisotropic polymer fibres

Hamza

Sokkar

El‐Farahaty

et al. 2014

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryThis paper introduces a double-image multiple-beam Fizeau fringes system. The introduced system can dynamically determine the variations of the refractive indices for both parallel and perpendicular polarization simultaneously. This is achieved by the simultaneous capturing of two multiple-beam interference patterns during the mechanical processing of isotactic polypropylene fibre. This parallel determination of the refractive indices of both polarization directions allowed us to determine the full-field distribution of the stress vector, S. To accomplish this, a mathematical model was deduced to calculate the components of the stress vector, S, i.e. parallel stress component, S 1 , and perpendicular stress component, S 2 . Double-image Fizeau fringes system and the deduced mathematical model were used to investigate the variation of the refractive index and stress components of the fibre during the stretching process and propagation of necked regions.

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“…We note (x) as direction of the light path and we write the unit vectors s = x 1, s = y s = z 0 for the light path parallel to coordinate "x". The matrix (9) we write in the system of the quasi-principal directions…”

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Cosserat gyro-birefringence. An introduction to nonsymmetrical photoelasticity

Sikoń¹

2012

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

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Abstract. Mechanical couple stresses modify at a microscopic level optical properties of some materials so they can display gyro-birefringence phenomena.The Optical Cosserat medium is defined and optical rotation tensor relative to couple stress is introduced. The generalized tensor of the dielectric permittivity is written for the Cosserat medium. Split of the plane-polarized light wave on passing through the Cosserat medium is shown and rotation of the azimuth of polarization is expressed by components of the couple stress tensor.

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Interference-optical Methods of Solid Mechanics

Cited by 33 publications

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Analog of the Umov experiment in a birefringent medium

Analog of the Umov experiment in a birefringent medium

A novel double‐image Fizeau system for accurate investigation of anisotropic polymer fibres

Cosserat gyro-birefringence. An introduction to nonsymmetrical photoelasticity

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