Interference of Two Kyllinga Species (Kyllinga nemoralis and Kyllinga brevifolia) on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Growth

Kawabata, Osamu; Nishimoto, Roy K.; Tang, Chung-Shih

doi:10.1017/s0890037x00039245

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…infestation 2 to 5 times in bermudagrass turf, compared with a 5.0‐cm mowing height (Lowe et al, 2000). Species of Kyllinga , a relatively low growing, spreading weed, are highly competitive with bermudagrass (Kawabata et al, 1994). In an initially perennial ryegrass sports turf, annual bluegrass increases with reduced mowing height (Adams, 1980); averaged across fertility levels, annual bluegrass cover was 34% at a 1.25‐, 20% at a 2.5‐, and 9% at a 7.5‐cm mowing height.…”

Section: Periodic Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species of Kyllinga, a relatively low growing, spreading weed, are highly competitive with bermu-mon sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) (Dickinson and Polwart, 1982). Mowing every 2 wk generally eliminated field dagrass (Kawabata et al, 1994). In an initially perennial ryegrass sports turf, annual bluegrass increases with re-bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) from buffalograss, bentgrass, and bermudagrass, but did not prevent colo-duced mowing height (Adams, 1980); averaged across fertility levels, annual bluegrass cover was 34% at a nization by dandelion, which developed stands of 800 to 1600 plants per square rod (32 to 63 plants m Ϫ2 ) 1.25-, 20% at a 2.5-, and 9% at a 7.5-cm mowing height.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

2003

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Cultural management of weeds in turfgrass is the use of mowing, fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, planting, and turfgrass selection to affect weed populations. There is consensus in the literature on a few cultural factors influencing some weeds in cool‐season turfgrasses. Taller mowing height, 4 to 8 cm, depending on turfgrass, reduces populations of crabgrasses (Digitaria spp.) in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and fescues (Festuca spp.). A high rate of N fertilization (100–300 kg N ha−1 yr−1) reduces populations of crabgrasses, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers), and other broadleaf weeds in cool‐season turfgrasses. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) may be favored by this high rate of fertilization. Fertilization of turfgrasses when they are not actively growing increases weeds. Slow‐growing grasses such as zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) have more weeds at high N fertilization rate. Environmental stresses including drought injury, unnecessary aeration or vertical mowing, biotic stress such as nematode and insect herbivory, and diseases contribute to weed colonization. Adapted cultivars and species of turfgrasses that are genetically resistant to biotic and environmental stresses have the fewest weed problems. Adapted turfgrasses can sometimes be effectively managed in the absence of herbicides, especially if they are well established. The generalized mechanisms for cultural management of weeds are poorly understood. Research is needed on optimizing the choices of herbicide and/or cultural practices as part of an integrated management system for turfgrass.

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Section: Periodic Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

2003

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“…have recently become increasingly common turfgrass weeds in the south and eastern Atlantic coast states of the United States. Kyllinga brevifolia is distributed along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts from North Carolina to Texas and is reported in Oklahoma, California, and Hawaii (Bryson et al 1997;Delahoussaye and Thieret 1967;Kawabata et al 1994;Tucker 1984). Kyllinga gracillima is localized in the mid-Atlantic states and inland to Arkansas (Bryson and Carter 1994;Bryson et al 1997;Delahoussaye and Thieret 1967;Kral 1981;Naczi 1984;Naczi et al 1986;Snyder 1983Snyder , 1984Sundell and Thomas 1988).…”

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Effect of mowing on perennial sedges

2000

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Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the response of Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculentus, Kyllinga brevifolia, and Kyllinga gracillima to mowing regimens common to recreational turfgrass. Treatments were selected to simulate Cynodon dactylon golf course management and included mowing at 1.3 and 3.8 cm with mowing frequencies of three times per week and once a week, respectively. A nonmowed check was included for comparison. Reductions in C. rotundus shoot number were observed beginning 6 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) in 1996 and 9 WAIT in 1997 for the 1.3-cm mowing regime. The 3.8-cm mowing regime did not reduce C. rotundus shoot number until the final evaluation of each year. Reductions in C. rotundus rhizome length, tuber number, and tuber size were observed for both mowing regimes in both years. Cyperus esculentus shoot number was reduced by the 1.3-cm treatment at each evaluation date in 1996 and 1997. Cyperus esculentus shoot number reductions in the 3.8-cm regime were first observed 4 and 6 WAIT in the 2 yr and continued until termination. The 1.3-cm regime reduced C. esculentus spread beginning 6 WAIT in 1996 and 3 WAIT in 1997. Cyperus esculentus spread was also reduced by the 3.8-cm treatment, but reduction began at later evaluations (8 and 9 WAIT). Tuber production by C. esculentus was completely inhibited by the two mowing regimes in both years. The only treatment effect observed in K. brevifolia and K. gracillima in 1996 was a reduction in internode length of K. gracillima by the 1.3-cm mowing regime. In 1997, the 1.3-cm regime reduced K. brevifolia shoot number at 15 and 18 WAIT and plant spread beginning 6 WAIT and continuing until termination. The 3.8-cm treatment did not affect K. brevifolia shoot number and reductions in spread were only observed at the final evaluation. Kyllinga gracillima shoot number and plant spread were reduced by the 1.3-cm mowing regime at each 1997 evaluation. Reductions in K. gracillima shoot number occurred at the final evaluation, and reductions in spread began 12 WAIT when subjected to the 3.8-cm treatment. Both mowing regimes reduced K. brevifolia and K. gracillima internode length. Kyllinga brevifolia total rhizome length and total node number were reduced by the 1.3-cm regime only. Kyllinga gracillima rhizome length, internode length, and node number were reduced by both regimes in 1997.

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“…In a dense turf, higher mowing was more beneficial to the turfgrass than green kyllinga. Unmowed green kyllinga competes poorly with bermudagrass (Kawabata et al 1994), but low mowing may encourage green kyllinga growth over bermudagrass growth. On golf courses, green kyllinga is observed most often in lower mowed surfaces, such as fairways and tees, compared to roughs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mowing and Nitrogen Influence Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia) Infestation in Tifway Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon×C. transvaalensis) Turf¹

Lowe

Whitwell²,

McCarty³

et al. 2000

Weed Technology

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A field study evaluated the effects of green kyllinga establishment method (seed vs. stolon), two mowing heights (2.5 and 5.0 cm), and three nitrogen (N) rates (0, 24, and 49 kg/ha/mo) on green kyllinga infestation in ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass turf. The study was initiated in vigorous and newly established or “weak” bermudagrass turf in May 1997 and continued until December 1998. The green kyllinga area was measured periodically each year and plant dry weight (g/500 cm2) was calculated in December 1997 and 1998. In 1997, stolon established green kyllinga plots were twice as large as seeded plots in vigorous turf and four times larger in weak turf. Method of establishment, however, was less important in 1998 as seedling populations became more established. In weak turf, increasing N rate to 49 kg/ha/mo decreased green kyllinga spread by 50% in 1997 and by 40% in 1998 compared to no N. In vigorous turf, mowing height influenced green kyllinga infestation more than N. Low mowing height (2.5 cm) increased green kyllinga infestations nearly twofold in vigorous turf in 1997 and more than fivefold in 1998. Golf course fairways are often maintained at clipping heights shorter than 2.5 cm, and green kyllinga is a prevalent weed at these sites. Green kyllinga may gain a competitive advantage in bermudagrass turf at lower mowing heights.

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Interference of Two Kyllinga Species (Kyllinga nemoralis and Kyllinga brevifolia) on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Growth

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Effect of mowing on perennial sedges

Mowing and Nitrogen Influence Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia) Infestation in Tifway Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon×C. transvaalensis) Turf¹

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Interference of Two Kyllinga Species (Kyllinga nemoralis and Kyllinga brevifolia) on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Growth

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Effect of mowing on perennial sedges

Mowing and Nitrogen Influence Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia) Infestation in Tifway Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon×C. transvaalensis) Turf1

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Mowing and Nitrogen Influence Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia) Infestation in Tifway Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon×C. transvaalensis) Turf¹