Interference of the agrestal <i>Helianthus annuus</i> biotype with sunflower growth

Casquero, Mauricio Javier; Cantamutto, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1111/wre.12197

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Cultivated and wild sunflower largely differ in early growth (Hernández et al, 2020; Kost et al, 2015; Mercer et al, 2007), and phenotypic selection analyses suggest that an early rapid growth is advantageous in agricultural environments, therefore, it is expected to be selected rapidly (Kost et al, 2015; Presotto et al, 2019). In previous studies using BRW 07 , we showed that early rapid growth has probably evolved at the expense of lower stress tolerance in this biotype (Casquero and Cantamutto, 2016; Presotto et al, 2017), a similar pattern to that observed in North American weedy biotypes (Mayrose et al, 2011). Although we found no differences under competition with maize, the treatments we chose may represent an extreme competition, and also a low-resource environment, more typically found in non-agricultural than in agricultural environments (Mercer et al, 2007; Presotto et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Under experimental field conditions, we observed that commercial rates of imazapyr adequately control ruderal and weedy sunflower at the 2-6 leaf stages, but at later developmental stages the herbicide only kills the main bud and most plants survive by developing the axillary buds, which partially restores fitness (unpublished data). This kind of tolerance is probably facilitated by the rapid emergence of wild and weedy sunflower after soil disturbance (Presotto et al, 2020) and the rapid initial growth of BRW (Casquero and Cantamutto, 2016; Presotto et al, 2017). Other mechanisms, such as late emergence, that avoid herbicide application (Darmency et al, 2017) cannot be ruled out, however, residual effects of the AHAS herbicides (Tranel and Wright, 2002) along with very low emergence of sunflower from the seed bank after spring (Presotto et al, 2020) make this mechanism less probable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid evolution of seed dormancy during sunflower de-domestication

Hernández

Vercellino

Pandolfo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Hybridization between crops and their wild relatives may promote the evolution of de-domesticated (feral) weeds. Wild sunflower is typically found in ruderal environments, but crop-wild hybridization may facilitate the evolution of weedy biotypes. Using one crop-specific mitochondrial marker (CMS-PET1) and 14 nuclear SSR markers, we studied the origin and genetic diversity of BRW, a recently discovered weedy biotype. Then, using a resurrection approach, we tested for rapid evolution of weedy traits (seed dormancy, herbicide resistance, and competitive ability) by sampling weedy and wild biotypes 10 years apart (2007 and 2017). All the weedy plants present the CMS-PET1 cytotype, confirming their feral origin. At the nuclear markers, BRW showed higher genetic diversity than the cultivated lines, as high genetic diversity as the most diverse wild biotypes, and low differentiation with one wild biotype, suggesting that wild hybridization increased the genetic diversity of the feral BRW. Regarding weedy trait evolution, we found support for rapid evolution towards higher seed dormancy, but not for higher competitive ability or herbicide resistance. Standing genetic variation probably facilitated the evolution of seed dormancy and limited the evolution of herbicide resistance, as no resistant alleles were found in the ancestral biotype. Our results demonstrate that natural crop-wild hybrids can evolve quickly in farmers' fields, leading to the establishment of weedy biotypes of cultivated origin. Although herbicide resistance did not evolve in BRW, management strategies aimed at preventing the evolution of resistance should be a priority in order to avoid the emergence and spread of herbicide resistant biotypes in Argentina.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of seed dormancy during sunflower de-domestication

Hernández

Vercellino

Pandolfo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Interestingly, the biotypes with less cumulative emergence, in the undisturbed habitat, were BRW and the volunteer (Fig. 2; Table S2); both have larger seeds and higher oil content than ruderal populations (Casquero and Cantamutto 2016).…”

Section: Seed Emergence Increase With Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Seed bank dynamics of an invasive alien species, Helianthus annuus L.

Presotto

Hernández

Casquero³

et al. 2020

Journal of Plant Ecology

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Aims The ability to form persistent seed banks is one of the best predictors of species’ potential to establish in new ranges. Wild sunflower is native to North America where the formation of persistent seed banks is promoted by disturbance and it plays a key role on the establishment and persistence of native populations. However, the role of the seed banks on the establishment and persistence of invasive populations has not been studied. Here, we evaluated the role of seed bank and disturbance on the establishment and fitness, and seed persistence in the soil in several sunflower biotypes collected in ruderal (wild Helianthus annuus) and agrestal (natural crop–wild hybrid) habitats of Argentina as well as volunteer populations (progeny of commercial cultivars). Methods In a seed-bank experiment, we evaluated emergence, survival to reproduction, survival of emerged seedlings, inflorescences per plant and per plot under disturbed and undisturbed conditions over 2 years; in a seed-burial experiment, we evaluated seed persistence in the soil over four springs (6, 18, 30 and 42 months). Important Findings Overall, seedling emergence was early in the growing season (during winter), and it was promoted by disturbance, especially in the first year. Despite this, the number of inflorescences per plot was similar under both conditions, especially in ruderals. In the second year, emergence from the seed bank was much lower, but the survival rate was higher. In the seed-burial experiment, genetic differences were observed but seeds of ruderals and agrestals persisted up to 42 months while seeds of the volunteer did not persist longer than 6 months. The agrestal biotype showed an intermediate behavior between ruderals and volunteers in both experiments. Our findings showed that wild and crop–wild sunflower can form persistent seed banks outside its native range and that disturbance may facilitate its establishment in new areas.

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“…For the species H. annuus, the weedy "agrestal" biotypes are considered natural cropwild hybrids [4,13,20,22]. The initial invasions of such biotypes on agricultural land might be attributed to importations of contaminated sunflower seed lots.…”

Section: Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shattercane and weedy sunflower are among the most competitive weeds against their closely related domesticated crop species, namely sorghum and sunflower, respectively [22,23]. Furthermore, both are troublesome species in a variety of crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Subsp. Drummondii) and Weedy Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)—Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) as Weeds in Agriculture

et al. 2021

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Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. drummondii) and weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are two examples of crop wild relatives (CWRs) that have become troublesome weeds in agriculture. Shattercane is a race belonging to a different subspecies than domesticated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor). Weedy sunflower populations are natural hybrids between wild and domesticated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Both species have key weedy characteristics, such as early seed shattering and seed dormancy, which play an important role in their success as agricultural weeds. They are widely reported as important agricultural weeds in the United States and have invaded various agricultural areas in Europe. Shattercane is very competitive to sorghum, maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Weedy sunflower causes severe yield losses in sunflower, maize, soybean, pulse crops, and industrial crops. Herbicide resistance was confirmed in populations of both species. The simultaneous presence of crops and their wild relatives in the field leads to crop–wild gene flow. Hybrids are fertile and competitive. Hybridization between herbicide-tolerant crops and wild populations creates herbicide-resistant hybrid populations. Crop rotation, false seedbed, cover crops, and competitive crop genotypes can suppress shattercane and weedy sunflower. Preventative measures are essential to avoid their spread on new agricultural lands. The development of effective weed management strategies is also essential to prevent hybridization between sorghum, sunflower, and their wild relatives and to mitigate its consequences.

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Interference of the agrestal Helianthus annuus biotype with sunflower growth

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Rapid evolution of seed dormancy during sunflower de-domestication

Rapid evolution of seed dormancy during sunflower de-domestication

Seed bank dynamics of an invasive alien species, Helianthus annuus L.

Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Subsp. Drummondii) and Weedy Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)—Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) as Weeds in Agriculture

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