Interference of age and supplementation of direct-fed microbial and essential oil in the activity of digestive enzymes and expression of genes related to transport and digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine of broilers

Fernandez-Alarcon, M. F.; Trottier, N. L.; Steibel, Juan P.; Lunedo, Raquel; Campos, Daniel Mendes Borges; Santana, A. M.; Pizauro, João Martins; Furlan, Renato Luís; Furlan, L. R.

doi:10.3382/ps/pex039

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There was also a significant decrease in expression of IGFALS and decreased expression of IGF, and its binding proteins in serum have been linked with increased adipogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells over osteogenic potential in osteoporosis (Fritton et al 2010). Additionally, there was a significant decrease in expression of Mgam, which is consistent with age-dependent impaired digestion of carbohydrates and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (Fernandez-Alarcon et al 2017;Ren et al 2011). Collectively, these data suggest that the significantly changed proteins were impacted by age as expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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Effects of nutraceutical intervention on serum proteins in aged rats

et al. 2020

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Aging is associated with many pathophysiological changes that could lead to the onset of degenerative disease. Some of the physiological changes that occur with aging include increased inflammation and decreased stem cell proliferation, leading to decreased capacity for tissue regeneration and loss of function. In previous studies, we and others have found nutraceutical intervention to ameliorate some of the deleterious effects associated with aging. In particular, we have previously shown that NT-020, a supplement composed of a proprietary blend of blueberries, green tea, vitamin D3, and carnosine, is able to rescue age-related cognitive deficits, impaired neurogenesis, and inflammation in rats. We have also previously demonstrated that stem cells cultured with old serum showed decreased proliferation; however, when stem cells were cultured in serum from old rats given a diet supplemented with NT-020, proliferation did not differ from that of cells cultured with serum from young rats. While it is clear that NT-020 is exerting a therapeutic, anti-aging effect, the mechanisms of action were yet to be fully elucidated.To that end, in the present study, we conducted a bioinformatics experiment to examine the rat proteome of serum from young and old control rats and young and old rats given a diet supplemented with NT-020. Serum from old rats showed an increase in some inflammatory and pro-aging factors while serum from old rats given a diet supplemented with NT-020 showed an increase in some anti-aging factors, most notably proteins associated with the complement system and autophagy. A number of immune functions that increase with age were shown to be downregulated with NT-020 treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Additionally, there was significantly decreased expression of maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam), which is consistent with age-dependent impaired digestion of carbohydrates (Fernandez-Alarcon et al 2017).…”

Section: Change Of Protein Expression As a Function Of Agesupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of nutraceutical intervention on serum proteins in aged rats

et al. 2020

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“…Table shows the set of primers used to determine the expression of target ( FASN— Fatty Acid Synthase , ACACA— Acetyl‐coenzyme A Carboxylase Alpha , SREBP‐1— Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 and CPT1‐A— Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A) and reference ( ACTB— Cytoplasmic β‐actin , HPRT1— Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase and GAPDH— Glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) genes. The RTqPCR reactions used KAPA SYBR® FAST qPCR Master Mix Universal (Kapa Biosystems) and were performed in a Applied Biosystems 7900HT Real‐Time PCR System apparatus (Applied Biosystems), following the protocol described by Fernandez‐Alarcon et al (). The results of RT‐qPCR reactions were analysed with RQ Manager 1.2.1 (Applied Biosystems).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiota of broilers submitted to feeding restriction and its relationship to hepatic metabolism and fat mass: Fast‐growing strain

Lunedo

Furlan

Fernandez-Alarcon

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The present study was conducted to verify how feed restriction affects gut microbiota and gene hepatic expression in broiler chickens and how these variables are related to body weight gain. For the experiment, 21‐d‐old Cobb500TM birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments: T1. Control (ad libitum—3.176 Mcal/kg ME—metabolizable energy—and 19% CP—crude protein); T2. Energetic restriction (2.224 Mcal/kg ME and 19% CP) from 22 to 42 days with consumption equivalent to control; T3. Quantitative restriction (70% restriction, i.e., restricted broilers ingested only 30% of the quantity consumed by the control group—3.176 Mcal/kg ME and 19% CP) for 7 days, followed by refeeding ad libitum from 28 to 42 days. Ileum and caecum microbiota collections were made at 21, 28 and 42 days of age. Hepatic tissue was collected at 28 and 42 days old for relative gene expression analyses. At 43‐d‐old, body composition was quantified by DXA (Dual‐energy X‐ray Absorptiometry). Both feed restriction programmes decreased Lactobacillus and increased Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae counts. No differences were found in the refeeding period. Energetic restriction induced the expression of CPT1‐A (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A) gene, and decreased body fat mass. Quantitative feed restriction increased lipogenic and decreased lipolytic gene expression. In the refeeding period, CPT1‐A gene expression was induced, without changing the broilers body composition. Positive associations were found between BWG (Body Weight Gain) and Lactobacillus and Clostridium cluster IV groups, and negatively associations with Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus bacterial groups. In conclusion, differences found in microbiota were similar between the two feed restriction programmes, however, hepatic gene expression differences were only found in quantitative restriction. Higher counts of Lactobacillus and Clostridium cluster IV groups in ileum are likely to be related to better broiler performance and low expression of lipogenic genes.

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“…Bacillus subtilis, as one of the three most common species of probiotic products in the United States [49], has been widely used as functional feed supplements, such as in a number of dairy and non-dairy fermented foods, for improving human health and well-being [50][51][52]. Similarly, Bacillus subtilis, as growth promoters, has been demonstrated to improve chickens' growth performance [53][54][55]; regulate intestinal microstructure [56] and digestive enzymes [57,58]; synthesize and release antimicrobial and antibiotic compounds [15,[59][60][61][62][63]; increase immunity [57,64] and neurochemical activities including serotonin [8,65,66] as well as affect animal behavior [67,68] following various stressors. In addition, Bacillus subtilis can overproduce l-tryptophan [11,69], consequently increase 5-HT in the hypothalamus [70], function as an antidepressant and anti-anxiety agent [71,72], and eliminate nervous tension in mice [73].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic,Bacillus subtilis, Prevents Aggression via the Modification of the Central Serotonergic System

Cheng¹,

Jiang²,

Hu³

2019

Oral Health by Using Probiotic Products

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Intestinal bacteria release various neuroactive compounds directly or indirectly regulating brain function to modulate host health and behavior through the gut-brain axis. Probiotics have been used as dietary supplements to target gut microbiota (microbiome) for prevention or therapeutic treatment of various diseases including mental disorders. In our study, chickens were used as an animal model to assess, if dietary supplementation of probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, reduces aggressive behaviors following social challenge. Chickens of an aggressive line were housed in single-hen cages. At 24 weeks of age, the hens were paired with similar body weight to identify the dominance rank (day 0). The subordinate and dominant of each pair were fed a regular layer diet or the diet mixed with 250 ppm probiotics for 2 weeks, then the second behavior test was performed between the same pair (day 14). The display of aggressive behaviors in the regular diet-fed chickens was not affected between the levels at day 0 and day 14, while the frequency of threat and aggressive pecking were reduced in the probiotic-fed chickens compared to the levels at day 0. These results suggest dietary probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, could be a suitable strategy for increasing hosts' mental health.

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Interference of age and supplementation of direct-fed microbial and essential oil in the activity of digestive enzymes and expression of genes related to transport and digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine of broilers

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of nutraceutical intervention on serum proteins in aged rats

Effects of nutraceutical intervention on serum proteins in aged rats

Intestinal microbiota of broilers submitted to feeding restriction and its relationship to hepatic metabolism and fat mass: Fast‐growing strain

Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic,Bacillus subtilis, Prevents Aggression via the Modification of the Central Serotonergic System

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