Interference control in children with reading difficulties

Abstract

Two studies investigated whether the greater Stroop interference reported in children with reading difficulties compared to typical readers of the same age represents a generalized deficit in interference control or a consequence of their reading problems. In Study 1, a color-word Stroop task and a nonverbal task involving responses to locations associated with pictures were administered to 23 children with single word reading difficulties and 22 typically developing children matched for age and nonverbal ability. Children with reading difficulties showed disproportionate interference effects in the color-word Stroop but not the nonverbal task. In Study 2, groups of poor and typical readers completed a spatial Stroop task with printed input that did not require a verbal response and a nonverbal analogue. Both groups showed comparable interference in these two tasks. Thus, the reported problems in the color-word Stroop task in children with reading difficulties do not appear to entail general impairments in interference control.

Evaluating the developmental trajectory of the episodic buffer component of working memory and its relation to word recognition in children

“…It is worth noting that this link between working memory binding and childrenÕs word recognition skills does not appear to reflect task demands of verbal output as implied in previous research (Litt et al, 2013;Wang & Gathercole, 2014), as the use of visual forms of auditory-verbal stimuli at test meant that spoken responses were not explicitly required. It might be argued that the need to translate the auditory-verbal stimuli to their visual symbols may have contributed to the relationship observed between working memory binding task performance and reading skills.…”

“…Recent evidence indicates that spoken response may have strongly mediated the relationship observed between reading skills and relevant cognitive predictors (Litt, de Jong, van Bergen, & Nation, 2013;Wang & Gathercole, 2014). This design allows a manual response and therefore potentially rules out the possibility that requirement for spoken response might drive any link observed.…”

Acute Exercise Facilitates the N450 Inhibition Marker and P3 Attention Marker during Stroop Test in Young and Older Adults

“…Raw scores from each subtest were combined and converted into an age-adjusted standard score (ranging from 2 to 19 points). This measure has been widely employed as a proxy measure of general cognitive ability [ 7 , 11 ]. Physical activity levels were assessed by the Chinese version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) [ 41 ].…”

“…This cognitive domain is modulated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain area whose functioning is known to be particularly affected by exercise [ 6 ]. Moreover, it has been linked to health- and social-related behaviors such as addiction [ 7 , 8 ], obesity [ 9 ], and school [ 10 , 11 ] or job success [ 12 ]. For these reasons, inhibition has been a major focus in the literature on the relationship between acute exercise and executive function.…”

Funções Executivas na Dislexia do Desenvolvimento: Revendo Evidências de Pesquisas

“…A dificuldade de inibição de estímulos (CI) foi apontada como preditora da dislexia nos estudos de Altemeier, Abbott e Berninger (2008), Varvara et al (2014), Booth et al (2014) Em leitores típicos, quando a decodificação e o reconhecimento de palavras familiares foi aprendido, as FE garantem que este processo ocorra em tempo, com acurácia (ALTEMEIER; ABBOTT;BERNINGER, 2008). Em muitas testagens, disléxicos demonstraram precisar de mais tempo para pensar e planejar, o que afeta diretamente a produtividade na leitura (REITER; TUCHA; LANGE, 2005;BROSNAN et al, 2002;KAPOULA et al 2010;ANZONE;CIASCA, 2011;GATHERCOLE, 2015). Segundo Berninger et al (2008), as FE predizem a habilidade de integrar a leitura e a escrita nas crianças com dislexia.…”