Interference and management of herbicide-resistant crop volunteers

Abstract

Since the commercialization of herbicide-resistant (HR) crops, primarily glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, their adoption increased rapidly. Multiple HR traits in crops such as canola (Brassica napus L.), corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are available in recent years, and management of their volunteers need attention to prevent interference and yield loss in rotational crops. The objectives of this review were to summarize HR crop traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola, corn, cotton, rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean, sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); assess their potential for volunteerism; and review existing literature on the interference of HR crop volunteers, yield loss, and their management in rotational crops. Herbicide-resistant crop volunteers are problem weeds in agronomic cropping systems, and the impact of volunteerism depends on several factors such as crop grown in rotation, the density of volunteers, management practices, and micro-climate. Interference of imidazolinone-resistant (IR) barley or wheat volunteers can be a problem in rotational crops, particularly when IR crops such as canola or wheat are grown. Herbicide-resistant canola volunteers are abundant in the Northern Great Plains due to high fecundity, seed loss before or during harvest, secondary seed dormancy, and can interfere in crops grown in rotation such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), field peas (Pisum sativum L.), and soybean. Herbicide-resistant corn volunteers are competitive in crops grown in rotation such as corn, cotton, soybean, and sugarbeet, with yield loss depending on the density of HR corn volunteers. Volunteers of HR cotton, rice, soybean, and sugarbeet are not major concerns and can be controlled with existing herbicides. Herbicide options would be limited if the crop volunteers are multiple HR; therefore, a record-keeping of cultivar planted the previous year and selecting herbicide is important. The increasing use of 2,4-D, dicamba, glufosinate, and glyphosate in North American cropping systems requires research on herbicide interactions and alternative herbicides or methods for controlling multiple HR crop volunteers.

Volunteer rapeseed infestation and management in corn

“…A volunteer plant can be defined as a plant that grows by itself rather than intentional planting (Jhala et al., 2021). Pre‐harvest seed loss through seed‐pod and seed loss during harvest act as the seed source for volunteer plants (Chahal & Jhala, 2015).…”

Interaction of quizalofop-p-ethyl with 2,4-D choline and/or glufosinate for control of volunteer corn in corn resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionates

“…This suggests that growers are shifting toward corn-on-corn cropping systems, especially in south-central Nebraska, due to high-quality, productive soil and irrigation (Striegel et al 2020). Managing volunteer corn in a corn-corn rotation is challenging due to the lack of selective postemergence (POST) herbicides for adequate control (Jhala et al 2021). However, the recent commercialization of a multiple herbicide-resistant corn hybrid (i.e., Enlist ™ corn) allows POST applications of quizalofop-p-ethyl (QPE) for control of glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant corn volunteers.…”

“…Volunteer corn is a problem weed in corn-based cropping systems in the midwestern United States (Chahal and Jhala 2015; Jhala et al 2021). Volunteer corn is an overwintering F 2 population of corn kernels/ears lost during the previous year or failed corn stands under a corn replanting scenario (Shauck and Smeda 2012).…”

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides: past, present, and future

“…If such traits can be combined with the next generation of HPPD-inhibitors, their usefulness will likely be extended into the future. Management of multiple herbicide–resistant crop volunteers might be challenging, and future research should focus on this topic (Jhala et al 2021c).…”