Interfacial Tension-Hindered Phase Transfer of Polystyrene-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) Polymersomes from a Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid to Water

So, Soonyong; Lodge, Timothy P.

doi:10.1021/la504605e

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The PEO was dried under dynamic vacuum for 48 h and then stored in a glovebox. The polystyrene- b -poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer (SO) was synthesized by anionic polymerization and purified using established procedures. , The polymers were characterized by multiple methods, including 1 H NMR spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS), and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), as summarized in Table S1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of a C15 Laves Phase with a Giant Unit Cell in Salt-Doped A/B/AB Ternary Polymer Blends

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salt-doped A/B/AB ternary polymer blends, wherein an AB copolymer acts as a surfactant to stabilize otherwise incompatible A and B homopolymers, display a wide range of nanostructured morphologies with significant tunability. Among these structures, a bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE) has been a notable target. Here, we report the surprising appearance of a robust C15 Laves phase, at compositions near where the BμE has recently been reported, in lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI)-doped low-molar-mass poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/polystyrene (PS)/symmetric PS-b-PEO block copolymer blends. The materials were analyzed by a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The C15 phase emerges at a high total homopolymer volume fraction ϕH = 0.8 with a salt composition r = 0.06 (Li+/[EO]) and persists as a coexisting phase across a large area of the isothermal phase diagram with high PS homopolymer compositions. Notably, the structure exhibits a huge unit cell size, a = 121 nm, with an unusually high micelle core volume fraction (f core = 0.41) and an unusually low fraction of amphiphile (20%). This unit cell dimension is at least 50% larger than any previously reported C15 phase in soft matter, despite the low molar masses used, unlocking the possibility of copolymer-based photonic crystals without compromising processability. The nanostructured phase evolution from lamellar to hexagonal to C15 along the EO60 isopleth (ϕPEO,homo‑LiTFSI/ϕH = 0.6) is rationalized as a consequence of asymmetry in the homopolymer solubility limit for each block, which leads to exclusion of PS homopolymer from the PS-b-PEO brush prior to exclusion of the PEO homopolymer, driving increased interfacial curvature and favoring the emergence of the C15 Laves phase.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of a C15 Laves Phase with a Giant Unit Cell in Salt-Doped A/B/AB Ternary Polymer Blends

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This may indicates the significant influence of alkyl length on the scale production considering that B.D.H.C has the longest amongst the three corrosion inhibitors. Increase in alkyl chain of a chemical increases its viscosity which then reduces its affinity for water through decreased reaction efficiency and increased interfacial tension (So and Lodge, 2015;Zhu and Lei, 2015). The reduced affinity of B.D.H.C for water then allows precipitation of more salts that dissociate to produce more scalings.…”

Section: General Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of natural gas production chemicals on scale production in MEG regeneration systems

Yong

Obanijesu

2015

Chemical Engineering Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monoethylene glycol (MEG), a common hydrate inhibitor in natural gas transportation pipelines is usually regenerated and reused to minimize operating costs. In this study, three corrosion inhibitors and a scale inhibitor were investigated to understand how production chemicals contribute to scaling (salt loading) at pretreatment and reclamation sections of the regeneration process. The first set of study involved the use of ScaleSoftPitzer software to investigate the possibility of salt deposition at the pretreatment stage. Experiments were then conducted at pretreatment stage for inhibitor doses of 250 ppm and 1000 ppm. The same sets of experiments were repeated by adding equal concentration of scale inhibitor with each corrosion inhibitor. In the second part of the study, rich MEG recovered from the pretreatment stage was regenerated by reconcentration and vacuum distillation techniques. The solids formed in the liquor were filtered, dried and weighed and the experiments performed at the pretreatment stage repeated. The results showed that level of scaling in the pretreatment stage was well predicted by the software. The experimental results were also consistent with the software predictions. Corrosion inhibitors produced salts that add up to the scaling problems while the scale inhibitor showed more adverse scaling effects comparatively. This is attributed to reduced hydration ability of scale inhibitors compared to corrosion inhibitors that contained smaller functional groups and large alkyl groups. Benzyl dimethyl hexadecylammonium chloride (B.D.H.C) showed higher scale formation ability compared to the other two corrosion inhibitors due to its polarity that influences its affinity for water. Alkalinity was another factor affecting scale formation; the higher the alkalinity, the higher the scale formation. Furthermore, the reclamation stage was found to be highly prone to corrosion and other impacts due to high total dissolved solids (TDS). Besides, a combination of corrosion and scale inhibitors in MEG regeneration system resulted in higher scaling effects compared to the effect of individual inhibitor due to the synergistic interaction between the two inhibitors. The findings of this study show significant implications in large scale continuous operation where salts dissolved in MEG could precipitate to cause scaling, corrosion and gunking amongst others. Escaping less soluble divalent ions are also capable of salting out downstream to cause the same problems within the pipeline and refinery. All these will adversely influence the process safety and the environment.

show abstract

“…In this case the common C blocks would form the solvophobic membrane, while the (mutually immiscible) A and B blocks form distinct interior and exterior coronas. There have been relatively few reports of blending amphiphilic block copolymers in water, and these strategies were aimed primarily at preparing more elaborate, multicompartment structures. , Block copolymers have successfully been used to prepare polymersomes with distinct inner- and outer-fluids, e.g., with ionic liquid interiors dispersed in an aqueous phase. − In this case poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks formed both interior and exterior coronas, with either polystyrene (PS) or poly(butadiene) (PB) as the solvophobic interior. While this strategy enables potential applications as nanoreactors, it requires that the AB diblock exhibits the same “amphilicity” with respect to both immiscible solvents, which is a significant constraint.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil-in-Oil Emulsions Stabilized by Asymmetric Polymersomes Formed by AC + BC Block Polymer Co-Assembly

Asano

Lodge

2016

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We demonstrate a facile route to asymmetric polymersomes by blending AC and BC block copolymers in oil-in-oil emulsions containing polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB) in chloroform (CHCl3). Polymersomes were prepared by mixing polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (SO) and polybutadiene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (BO) in the oil-in-oil emulsion, where the droplets and continuous phase are PS- and PB-rich, respectively. The polymersome structure was directly visualized using dye-labeled SO and BO with confocal fluorescence microscopy; SO and BO with a high O block fraction co-assemble to produce asymmetric polymersomes. As the O block is insoluble in both PS and PB, we infer that the detailed structure of the polymersomes is a bilayer in which the S and B blocks face the PS-inner and PB-outer phases, respectively, while the common O blocks form the core membrane. This structure is only observed for sufficiently long O blocks. It is remarkable that although all the polymers are soluble in CHCl3, such elaborate structures are created by straightforward co-assembly. These asymmetric polymersomes should provide robust bilayer membranes around emulsion droplets, leading to stable nanoscopic dispersions of two fluids.

show abstract

Interfacial Tension-Hindered Phase Transfer of Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) Polymersomes from a Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid to Water

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Formation of a C15 Laves Phase with a Giant Unit Cell in Salt-Doped A/B/AB Ternary Polymer Blends

Formation of a C15 Laves Phase with a Giant Unit Cell in Salt-Doped A/B/AB Ternary Polymer Blends

Influence of natural gas production chemicals on scale production in MEG regeneration systems

Oil-in-Oil Emulsions Stabilized by Asymmetric Polymersomes Formed by AC + BC Block Polymer Co-Assembly

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About