Interfacial Self-assembly of Organics/MXene Hybrid Cathodes Toward High-Rate-Performance Sodium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Conjugated quinones are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, the contemporary primary conjugated quinones cathodes still hold to limited capacity, poor rate performance and low cyclability, due to the poor electronic and ionic conductivity. Herein, a series of high-performance conjugated-quinones@MXene hybrid cathodes is constructed by an in situ polymerization-assembly strategy based on the hydrogen bond and S−Ti interaction. The PAQS@Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene hybrid, as a typical example, exhibits sandwiched structure with intimate PAQS@MXene contact, resulting in efficient interfacial mass transfer. The assembled MXene is able to build interconnected conductive channels in the hybrid cathodes for continuous and fast electrons/ions transport, which is verified by both the experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a result, the optimal PAQS@MXene hybrid electrode delivers excellent electrochemical performances with high capacity (∼242 mA h g −1 at 100 mA g −1 ), superior fast-charge/discharge ability (∼148 and 121 mA h g −1 at 5 and 10 A g −1 , respectively), and ultralong cycle life (capacity as high as 57 mA h g −1 after 9000 cycles at 5 A g −1 ), which are more superior to that of the pure PAQS electrodes. Besides, the analogous PPTS@Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene hybrid cathode also shows better performances compared to the pure materials.

In Situ Growth Engineering on 2D MXenes for Next‐Generation Rechargeable Batteries

“…Recently, Gao and co‐workers achieved the in situ polymerization assembly of polyanthraquinone sulfide (PAQS) on Ti 3 C 2 T x multilayered MXene (PAQS@MXene) based on intermolecular interaction between functional groups in organic materials and surface functional groups on MXene ( Figure a). [ 182 ] The PAQS@MXene was prepared by stirring a mixture of MXene powders, dichloroanthraquinone, and sodium sulfide nonahydrate in NMP at 200 °C for 12 h. Theory and experiment revealed that PAQS@MXene had higher Na + diffusion coefficient, better electronic conductivity, and stronger Na + adsorption ability than bare PAQS. The PAQS@MXene cathode could still have a capacity of 174 mAh g −1 at 1.0 A g −1 after 450 cycles in SIBs.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 182 ] Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. b) Schematic showing the fabrication process of TAP/Ti 3 C 2 T x .…”

Organics‐MXene Composites as Electrode Materials for Energy Storage

“…The major advantages of in situ polymerization-assembly strategy are higher organic material loading and better organic-inorganic interface. Based on it, we fabricated PAQS@Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene hybrid with the polymer weight content of about 77 % via hydrogen bond and SÀ Ti interaction, [90] as described in as Figure 8. The hybrid showed typical sandwiched structure with intimate organic-inorganic contact that facilitated electrons/ions transport.…”

Sandwich-like Na2Ti3O7 Nanosheet/Ti3C2 MXene Composite for High-Performance Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…Nowadays, significant population growth and economic expansion in the 21st century enhance the steep consumption of fossil fuels, exacerbating the energy crisis and motivating many academicians to develop high-efficiency energy storage . Because of the high energy storage density, both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have sparked the interest of a growing number of individuals over the past three decades. − However, because the ionic radius of sodium (∼1.02 Å) is greater than that of lithium (∼0.76 Å), most anode materials for LIBs are not ideal for SIBs …”

“…2−4 However, because the ionic radius of sodium (∼1.02 Å) is greater than that of lithium (∼0.76 Å), most anode materials for LIBs are not ideal for SIBs. 5 Recently, MXene, an emerging family of two-dimensional (2D) metal carbide/nitride, has received considerable attention in energy storage after being discovered by Gogotsi and coworkers. 6,7 Particularly, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with surface hydrophilicity, superior electrical conductivity, and outstanding structural stability is a prospective candidate electrode in both LIBs and SIBs.…”