Interfacial polymerization of morphologically modified polyaniline: from hollow microspheres to nanowires

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Polyaniline (PANI) has attracted much attention in many fields due to its chemical and physical properties, and different nanostructures of PANI changing from one-dimensional to three-dimensional have been obtained. By changing the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the morphology of hydrochloric acid-doped polyaniline could be changed from one-dimensional nanoneedles or nanowires with a network structure (50-100 nm in diameter) to three-dimensional hollow microspheres (ca 400 nm in outer diameter) via combining interfacial polymerization and self-assembly process. RESULTS: These different nanostructures of PANI were proved using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies. A plausible mechanism of the formation of the changeable nanostructures of PANI may be different from that of interfacial polymerization without surfactant or a traditional homogenous reaction system using CTAB as surfactant.CONCLUSION: The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and the four-probe method showed that the molecular structure of PANI does not change with increasing CTAB concentration, but crystallinity and conductivity of PANI increase with surfactant concentration.

Synthesis of dendritic polyaniline nanofibers by using soft template of sodium alginate

“…In the recent years, several techniques for synthesizing PANI nanostructures have been developed including template synthesis, 26 template-free synthesis, 27 seeding polymerization, 28,29 interfacial polymerization, [30][31][32] rapid mixing polymerization, 33 electrospinning, 34 and electrochemical polymerization. 35,36 Template method introduces ''structural directors'' in the polymerization bath that dictates the PANI nanostructures morphology.…”

Synthesis of polyanthranilic acid-Au nanocomposites by emulsion polymerization: development of dopamine sensor

“…lower 2θ range from 5 to 35°. Pure polymer shows a comparatively crystalline behaviour with an intense peak at around 7⋅8° that is because of polymeric self-assembly (Li et al 2008). The crystallite size of Au particle can be calculated by line broadening for the highest intense peak using Scherer's equation…”

Diaminium salt as reactive amphiphile for the synthesis of poly(m-phenylenediamine) and paraffin microencapsulation

“…In some cases, the geometry is attributed to the coexistence of immiscible phases (oil/water), which allows the controlled generation of fibers [49,50]; however, other reports have demonstrated that fibers can be obtained in the aqueous phase [51]. The presence of surfactants (ionic or nonionic), which form micellar soft-templates is another mechanism which has also been used to explain fibrous geometries [52][53][54]. The synthesis of the MCM-41 structure is a clear example of this quality of surfactants.…”