Interfacial Phenomena in Metal–Slag–Gas System during AOD Process

Fabritius, Timo; Riipi, Jaana; Järvinen, Mika; Mattila, Olli; Heikkinen, Eetu‐Pekka; Kärnä, Aki; Kurikkala, Jari; Sulasalmi, Petri; Härkki, Jouko

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.50.797

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Metal droplets at the interface of the blowing cavity obtain kinetic energy from the violent movement of the molten metal. When the inertia force of a metal droplet is higher than the sum of the interfacial force and gravity, the metal droplet separates from the metal bath into the slag and forms an emulsification droplet . According to the literature, the surface area of the emulsification droplets can be written by the following:

A_{E M} = π \frac{0.4153 D_{EM} ρ_{normalm}^{1 / 2} η_{normalm}^{1 / 2} l_{normalm}^{1 / 2} υ_{normalm}^{5 / 2}}{σ + 1 true/ 6 d_{normalm}^{2} g (ρ_{normalm} + ρ_{normals}) c o s α}

where α is the angle between the force of gravity and the bath surface level, σ is the interfacial tension (N m −1 ) between the molten metal and the slag, υ m is velocity of the emulsification droplet at the detachment point, d m is the diameter of the metal droplet, g is the gravitational acceleration, l is the length of flow through of droplet, D EM is the inner diameter of the circle, and η m is viscosity of the hot metal.…”

Section: Mathematical Model For the Vanadium‐extraction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the inertia force is higher than the sum of the interfacial force and the buoyancy force, the slag droplet forms at the bottom of slag layer and is involved into the molten metal to form the involved slag . The surface area of the involved slag is obtain by Equation :

A_{ES} = π \frac{0 .4153 D_{ES} ρ_{s}^{1/2} η_{s}^{1/2} l_{s}^{1/2} υ_{s}^{5/2}}{σ + 1 true/ 6 d_{s}^{2} g cos φ}

where D ES is inner diameter of the ring, η s is viscosity of the slag,

φ

is the angle between the force of buoyancy of the slag droplet and the bath surface level, d s is diameter of the slag droplet.…”

Section: Mathematical Model For the Vanadium‐extraction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Study on the Oxidation of Elements in Hot Metal during Vanadium‐Extraction Process

Huang

Shen

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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A kinetic model of vanadium extraction from the metal bath has been established for describing the oxidation behavior of different elements including [V], [Ti], [Si], [Cr], [Mn], and [C] in the metal bath based on a 70 t practical vanadium-extraction converter. The results show that the calculated values using the models are in good agreement with practical measured values. The calculation results also show that the oxidation of silicon and titanium in the metal bath is rapid at the initial stage of blowing (0-1.5 min), and ends after 2 min. The intensive oxidation of vanadium happens at the intermediate stages of blowing (1.5-4.5 min), and the content of vanadium in the metal bath decreases from 0.278 to 0.04 mass%. At the final stage (4.5-5 min), the oxidation order of vanadium and carbon reverses, causing vigorous oxidation of carbon. Besides, manganese and chromium are oxidized throughout the intermediate and final stages, competing with vanadium for oxygen. To promote vanadium extraction from the metal bath under the conditions studied, the combined coolants should be adopted.

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A_{E M} = π \frac{0.4153 D_{EM} ρ_{normalm}^{1 / 2} η_{normalm}^{1 / 2} l_{normalm}^{1 / 2} υ_{normalm}^{5 / 2}}{σ + 1 true/ 6 d_{normalm}^{2} g (ρ_{normalm} + ρ_{normals}) c o s α}

Section: Mathematical Model For the Vanadium‐extraction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A_{ES} = π \frac{0 .4153 D_{ES} ρ_{s}^{1/2} η_{s}^{1/2} l_{s}^{1/2} υ_{s}^{5/2}}{σ + 1 true/ 6 d_{s}^{2} g cos φ}

where D ES is inner diameter of the ring, η s is viscosity of the slag,

φ

is the angle between the force of buoyancy of the slag droplet and the bath surface level, d s is diameter of the slag droplet.…”

Section: Mathematical Model For the Vanadium‐extraction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study on the Oxidation of Elements in Hot Metal during Vanadium‐Extraction Process

Huang

Shen

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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“…In the steel industry, the interface tension of slag-metal and the surface tension of slag are important parameters in the gas-slag-metal interface behavior. [1][2][3][4] They affect the interfacial reaction, the separation of molten slag and molten metal, the discharge of inclusions in molten iron and molten steel, the formation of new phase nuclei in the reaction, and the behavior of bubbles in slags. In addition, the study of slag-metal interfacial tension and slag surface tension are also of great significance for the study of interfacial reaction mechanism and phase interface structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Method for Determining the Interfacial Properties of Melt Slags Based on Single Hot Thermocouple Technique

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to determine the nitrogen to argon switch over point for different grades of stainless steel for achieving desired nitrogen content in final chemistry. Reaction modeling of AOD process and study on the influence of process variables on the nitrogen pick‐up in steel melt and nitrogen removal from molten steel have been already initiated and performed to some extent by researchers . Fruehan described a process model for nitrogen absorption and removal from the stainless steel melt during blowing of oxygen, nitrogen and argon gas mixture .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reaction modeling of AOD process and study on the influence of process variables on the nitrogen pick-up in steel melt and nitrogen removal from molten steel have been already initiated and performed to some extent by researchers. [6][7][8][9][10] Fruehan described a process model for nitrogen absorption and removal from the stainless steel melt during blowing of oxygen, nitrogen and argon gas mixture. [11] Kaboyashi et al measured the solubility of nitrogen in liquid Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steel by sampling method in the temperature range from 1723 K (1450 8C) to 1923 K (1650 8C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Nitrogen Content of Steel Melt during Stainless Steel Making Using AOD Converter

Patra¹,

Nayak

Singhal³

et al. 2016

steel research int.

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A mathematical model has been developed to predict nitrogen content in steel melt with respect to blowing time for making different grades (e.g., 304L, 204Cu, and 18Cr–18Mn–0.5N) of stainless steel using AOD converter. Firstly, bath composition and temperature are calculated based on thermodynamic modeling of refining reactions. Then bath nitrogen content is predicted considering the influence of the bath temperature and composition variation as well as the kinetics of nitrogen absorption and desorption of steel melt. Flux and alloy additions are also taken in account for developing this model. For the purpose of development and validation of the mathematical model for predicting nitrogen content of molten steel, the required plant data is obtained from stainless steel making process performed in a 50 ton AOD converter which is equipped with a top lance and five sidewall nozzles at Jindal Stainless Ltd., Hisar in India. This mathematical model will be effective and beneficial because nitrogen prediction by this model corresponds well with actual measured values collected from steel plant. This numerical model will also help in achieving optimum as well as effective use of argon gas and critical control over final nitrogen content in stainless steels.

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Interfacial Phenomena in Metal–Slag–Gas System during AOD Process

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Kinetic Study on the Oxidation of Elements in Hot Metal during Vanadium‐Extraction Process

Kinetic Study on the Oxidation of Elements in Hot Metal during Vanadium‐Extraction Process

Novel Method for Determining the Interfacial Properties of Melt Slags Based on Single Hot Thermocouple Technique

Prediction of Nitrogen Content of Steel Melt during Stainless Steel Making Using AOD Converter

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