Interfacial Phenomena in Fe/Stainless Steel–TiC Systems and the Effect of Mo

Abstract

Titanium carbide is used as reinforcement particles in composites due to its hardness, wear resistance and stability. This work is a part of the study in which titanium carbides are formed in stainless steel castings in the mold to improve the wear resistance of a certain surface of the casting. Such local reinforcement is a very potential method but it is a quite demanding task requiring profound knowledge of interfacial phenomena in the system, wettability, stability, dissolution and precipitation of new phases in production of these materials. Good wetting between different constituents in the material is a key factor to attain maximal positive effects. Mo is used with TiC or Ti(C,N) reinforcement in composites to improve wettability. In this work the effect of Mo on the phenomena in Fe/stainless steel–TiC systems was examined by wetting experiments between the substrate and the alloy. Wetting was not significantly improved by adding Mo to the systems. Core-rim type carbides as well as more homogenous carbide particles were observed. Overall the carbide particles are very complex regarding to their chemistry, size and shape which aspects have to be taken into account in the development of these materials and manufacturing processes.

Fabrication and characterization of Ti–12Mo/xAl2O3 bio-inert composite for dental prosthetic applications

“…In addition, the good adhesion and distribution of Mo with Ti are shown in image 4b . Previous works ( Ning et al, 2003 ; Zhou et al, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2010 ; Kiviö et al, 2014 ) revealed that the addition of Mo could improve the wettability between reinforcement and metal matrix phases and prevent the agglomeration of ceramic particles. Mo had a great influence on the density, morphology, and mechanical properties.…”

“…It is expected that not only the high hardness of both Mo and Al 2 O 3 is the main factor that participates in improving Ti hardness but also the formation of the diffused core/rim at the interface between Mo and Ti and the homogenous dispersion of the Mo and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles, as shown in the microstructure images b and c , have a great effect. Kiviö et al (2014) studied the effect of Mo on the wettability of Fe/TiC alloy. They reported that by the addition of 3.7 and 5.2 wt% Mo to Fe, a decrease in the wetting angle of Fe–TiC to approximately 20° was achieved.…”

The investigation of precipitation behavior of titanium compounds for high titanium steel based on in situ observation

“…Compared with Nb and V, Ti is more abundant in resources and cheaper in price, which has attracted more and more attention in recent years [ 1 , 2 ]. At present, researchers try to replace some expensive Nb with cheap Ti for microalloying, and adopt a high-purity smelting process and controlled rolling and controlled cooling process to achieve grain refinement and precipitation strengthening, to obtain high-strength and toughness steel materials [ 3 ].…”

Phase transformation induced high-strength titanium carbide reinforced stainless steel composites with stable thermo-mechanical properties for high temperature applications

“…Typically, steel matrix composites are reinforced with ceramic particles, such as carbides (titanium carbide (TiC), SiC, WC), borides (TiB 2 ), and oxides (Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 ) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] . TiC particles can be considered as suitable reinforcements for steel matrix composites owing to their high hardness, low density, good wettability with steel, chemical inertness, and high melting point [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . To date, most investigations of TiC-reinforced steel composites have focused on room-temperature mechanical properties such as hardness [23] , compressive strength [24] , transverse rupture strength [28] , and wear properties [31] .…”