Interfacial Passivation Engineering for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with a Fill Factor over 83%

Abstract

Charge carrier nonradiative recombination (NRR) caused by interface defects and nonoptimal energy level alignment is the primary factor restricting the performance improvement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Interfacial modification is a vital strategy to restrain NRR and enable high-performance PSCs. We report here two interfacial materials, PhI-TPA and BTZI-TPA, consisting of phthalimide and a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,6-dicarboxylicimide core, respectively. The difunctionalized BTZI-TPA with imide and thiadiazole shows higher hole mobility, better aligned energy levels, and stronger interaction with uncoordinated Pb2+ on the perovskite surface, suppressing NRR and carrier accumulation at the interface of perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD and yielding enhanced open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Consequently, the PSC based on BTZI-TPA delivers a high efficiency of 24.06% with an excellent fill factor of 83.10%, superior to that (21.47%) of the reference cell without an interfacial layer, and 21.45% efficiency for the device with a scaled-up area (1.00 cm2). These results underscore the potential of imide and thiadiazole groups in developing interfacial layers with strong passivation capability, effective charge transport property, and fine-tuned energetics for stable and efficient PSCs.

Minimized Energy Loss at the Buried Interface of p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells via Accelerating Charge Transfer and Forming p–n Homojunction

“…The PL intensity of perovskite film deposited on the AMD treated PTAA HTL is the lowest, which may be attributed to the best charge transport ability of AMD modified PTAA HTL and the fastest charge transfer due to the formation of p–n homojunction at the HTL/perovskite buried interface. [ 36 ] Similarly, the perovskite film deposited on the AMD treated Poly‐TPD HTL exhibits lower PL intensity compared with those deposited on the pristine and CMD treated Poly‐TPD HTLs. Figure 6b shows the TRPL spectra of perovskite films deposited on different PTAA and Poly‐TPD HTLs, which can be fitted with a bi‐exponential decay model ($$y = {A_1}\exp \left( { - \frac{x}{{{\tau _1}}}} \right) + {A_2}\exp \left( { - \frac{x}{{{\tau _2}}}} \right) + {y_0}$$) and the fitting parameters are shown in Table S8, Supporting Information.…”

Buried Interface Regulation by Bio‐Functional Molecules for Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

“…It is found that the grain size and crystallinity of the perovskite film are increased when it is deposited on SnO 2 @B 12 in comparison to that on the pristine SnO 2 (Figure 2). The larger grain size and better crystallinity can effectively suppress the moisture permeation at grain boundaries, resulting in improved environmental stability for the PSCs based on the SnO 2 @B 12 ETLs [3c,d] …”

“…Additionally, SnO 2 is an excellent ETL candidate due to its strong electron mobility, suitably energy levels, and intrinsic superior stability of the inorganic nature, which has been extensively studied in photoelectricity fields, [8] especially for renewable energy technologies [3d,5,8f] . Many strategies have been explored on enhancing the quality of SnO 2 and perovskites to boost photovoltaic performance.…”

Spectral Splitting as a Route to Promote Total Efficiency of Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal with a Halide Perovskite Cell

“…[1] Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made tremendous progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE), which increased from 3.8% in 2009 to 24.8% in 2020. [2][3][4][5][6] PSCs reveal numerous advantages for effective solar energy conversion due to their outstanding semiconductor properties, [7] such as significant optical absorption in the wavelength ranges of 400-800 nm, [8] low defect density, [9] high mobility, [10] long carrier lifetime and diffusion length, [11] as well as solution processability with low cost. [12] Although the PCE of PSCs reached 25.7%, [13] there is still space to further improve the PCE of the PSCs or a system through the efficient utilization of the whole solar spectrum.…”