Interfacial Oxygen Vacancies as a Potential Cause of Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhang, Fan; Ma, Wei; Guo, Haizhong; Zhao, Yicheng; Shan, Xinyan; Jin, Kuijuan; Tian, He; Zhao, Qing; Yu, Dapeng; Lu, Xinghua; Lü, Gang; Meng, Sheng

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04019

Cited by 134 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…13,25 Particularly, the thickness, pore size and treatment process of the mp-TiO 2 layer have been reported to influence the hysteresis of the devices. [28][29][30] Here, for printable mesoscopic PSCs using a 1-μm-thick mpTiO 2 layer, hysteresis-less devices have been fabricated and reported. 22 We consider the mp-TiO 2 scaffold with extremely large surface area is able to provide efficient pathways for electron extraction and transportation rather than cause charge accumulation and possible hysteresis.…”

Section: Device Configuration and Working Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable hysteresis effect for perovskite solar cells

Rong

Ravishankar

et al. 2017

Energy Environ. Sci.

197

195

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) usually suffer an anomalous hysteresis in current-voltage measurements that leads to an inaccurate estimation of the device efficiency. Although ion migration, charge trapping/detrapping and accumulation have been proposed as a basis for the hysteresis, the origin of hysteresis has not been apparently unraveled. Herein we reported a tunable hysteresis effect based uniquely on open-circuit voltage variations in printable mesoscopic PSCs with a simplified triple-layer TiO2/ZrO2/Carbon architecture. The electrons are collected by the compact TiO2/mesoporous TiO2 (cTiO2/mp-TiO2) bilayer, and the holes are collected by the carbon layer. By adjusting the spray deposition cycles for the cTiO2 layer, we achieved hysteresis-normal, hysteresis-free, and hysteresis-inverted PSCs. Such unique trends of tunable hysteresis are analysed by considering the polarization of the TiO2/perovskite interface, which can accumulate positive charges reversibly. Successfully tuning the hysteresis effect clarifies the critical importance of the c-TiO2/perovskite interface in controlling the hysteretic trends observed, providing important insights towards the understanding of this rapidly developing photovoltaic technology.

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Section: Device Configuration and Working Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable hysteresis effect for perovskite solar cells

Rong

Ravishankar

et al. 2017

Energy Environ. Sci.

197

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…have been documented. [19][20][21][22][37][38][39][40][41]] However, we demonstrate the impact of composition (Rb) of perovskite on the interfacial properties and hysteresis, which renders our study highly pertinent.…”

Section: Symbols Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21][22] However, to the best of our knowledge, a detailed investigation regarding the impact of the chemical composition of perovskite layer on the hysteresis of devices has been rarely carried out. To address these important points, in the present study, we explore the role of cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb) cations on the interfacial property in complete devices by examining the transport and recombination processes using J-V characteristics and impedance spectroscopy.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Rubidium in Multiple‐Cation‐Based High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2017

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on cesium (Cs)‐ and rubidium (Rb)‐containing perovskite films show highly reproducible performance; however, a fundamental understanding of these systems is still emerging. Herein, this study has systematically investigated the role of Cs and Rb cations in complete devices by examining the transport and recombination processes using current–voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy in the dark. As the credibility of these measurements depends on the performance of devices, this study has chosen two different PSCs, (MAFACs)Pb(IBr)3 (MA = CH3NH3+, FA = CH(NH2)2+) and (MAFACsRb)Pb(IBr)3, yielding impressive performances of 19.5% and 21.1%, respectively. From detailed studies, this study surmises that the confluence of the low trap‐assisted charge‐carrier recombination, low resistance offered to holes at the perovskite/2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene interface with a low series resistance (Rs), and low capacitance leads to the realization of higher performance when an extra Rb cation is incorporated into the absorber films. This study provides a thorough understanding of the impact of inorganic cations on the properties and performance of highly efficient devices, and also highlights new strategies to fabricate efficient multiple‐cation‐based PSCs.

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“…The improved performance was attributed to a reduction in the trap states of TiO 2 by adsorption of electron‐withdrawing groups, such as −C≡N and carbon balls, on the oxygen vacancies. Oxygen vacancies in TiO 2 were studied based on the fewest‐switchingsurface‐hopping (FSSH) nanoscale molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations, which proved that oxygen vacancies at the TiO 2 /perovskite interface were responsible for severe hysteresis, poor stability, and low performance . Graphene quantum dots were found to work well to improve the photovoltaic performance when they were placed in between TiO 2 and perovskite …”

Section: Interfacial Engineering In the Normal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Interfacial Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

2017

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Perovskite solar cells (PCSs) are composed of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite as the light harvester. Since the first report on a long‐term‐durable, 9.7 % efficient, solid‐state perovskite solar cell, organic–inorganic halide perovskites have received considerable attention because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. As a result, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 22 % was certified. Controlling the grain size, grain boundary, morphology, and defects of the perovskite layer is important for achieving high efficiency. In addition, interfacial engineering is equally or more important to further improve the PCE through better charge collection and a reduction in charge recombination. In this Review, the type of interfacial layers and their impact on photovoltaic performance are investigated for both the normal and the inverted cell architectures. Four different interfaces of fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/electron‐transport layer (ETL), ETL/perovskite, perovskite/hole‐transport layer (HTL), and HTL/metal are classified, and their roles are investigated. The effects of interfacial engineering with organic or inorganic materials on photovoltaic performance are described in detail. Grain‐boundary engineering is also included because it is related to interfacial engineering and the grain boundary in the perovskite layer plays an important role in charge conduction, recombination, and chargecarrier life time.

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Interfacial Oxygen Vacancies as a Potential Cause of Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 134 publications

References 67 publications

Tunable hysteresis effect for perovskite solar cells

Tunable hysteresis effect for perovskite solar cells

The Role of Rubidium in Multiple‐Cation‐Based High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Impact of Interfacial Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

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