Interfacial mass transfer in trickle-bed reactor modelling

The gas–liquid contacting effects on liquid dispersion in pilot scale upflow hydrotreaters

“…Only few simulation studies on model compounds hydrotreatment take into account liquid evaporation and gasliquid mass transfer (Nalitham et al, 1985;Kocis and Ho, 1986;La Vopa and Satterÿeld, 1988;Toppinen et al, 1996;Khadilkar et al, 1999), although it is generally commented that liquid evaporation strongly in uences the reactor performance. Froment et al (1994) presented a model for a gas oil hydrotreater simulation based on a detailed analysis of the oil and the individual hydrocarbons constituting it.…”

Multitubular reactor design as an advanced screening tool for three-phase catalytic reactions

“…The Reynolds numbers for two liquid flow rates, 0.6 mL/min and for 1.2 mL/min were respectively 0.013 and 0.026. These low Reynolds numbers might suggest the presence of external mass transfer limitations, which is a well-known phenomenon for trickle bed reactors [7,8].…”

“…The residence time and liquid holdup are important parameters in trickle bed reactor operation [7]. The residence time was calculated from the total liquid holdup as follows: reactor) according to the method described in ref.…”

Modeling Mass Transfer in a Three-Phase Minireactor Filled with Trilobe Catalytic Extrudates in Series

“…Mass transfer effects in three-phase reactors have also been investigated with fast catalytic reactions such as benzene hydrogenation, ,, toluene hydrogenation, α-methylstyrene hydrogenation, − cyclohexene hydrogenation, as well as 1,5,9-cyclo-dodecatriene, cyclo-dodecane, and o -nitroanisole hydrogenation . Many of the researchers that conducted experiments with fast catalytic reactions determined overall mass transfer coefficients which include the gas–liquid and liquid–solid mass transfer effects. ,,, Some researchers attributed the observed limitations only to the gas–liquid mass transfer effects considering or proving small to negligible liquid–solid transfer resistances, , while others calculated individual mass transfer coefficients for gas–liquid and liquid–solid using the experimental data. , …”