Interfacial interactions between scale-brine and various reservoir rocks

Impact of Hydrodynamic and Interfacial Interactions on Scale Formation in a Capillary Microchannel

“…Afterward, the cationic and anionic brines were mixed at a 50:50 mixing ratio corresponding to maximum potential scale formation, according to the PHREEQC simulation of geochemical brine−brine and brine−rock interactions. 8 Table 1 shows pH and the ionic composition of the synthesized brines. The selection of brines' salinity was made with respect to those usually used in EOR operations.…”

“…The rectangular microchannel was assumed to investigate the brine−rock interfacial interactions 7,8 based on the interacting system of a spherical gypsum scale−rock surface.…”

“…Thus, it would be feasible to scrutinize the interfacial phenomena of inorganic scale precipitation from the brine 13 and scale formation on the rock surface. 8 From a geometrical perspective, the impact of rock surface topography in terms of roughness and porosity on the molecular interactions is imperative and should also be taken into consideration. 9,14 Nikoo and Malayeri 9 examined the impact of the roughness of different rock surfaces on their potency to scale formation.…”

“…The deposition process is closely associated with the various aspects of interactions between scale, brine, and the rock surface. − As illustrated in Figure , these interactions could be categorized into geochemical and interfacial forms. The geochemical interactions are based on the potential chemical reactions between the ionic species present in brines and during the interaction with rock surfaces at an equilibrium state.…”

“…In this respect, the brine–brine and brine–rock geochemical interactions would be based on the mechanism of incompatible mixing simulated using PHREEQC, as it will be discussed later on in Section . − In addition, from a molecular point of view, the interfacial interactions such as those which are present between scale precursors immersed in the brine and between scale–brine–rock can be scrutinized using the surface energy characteristics of the respective system. Thus, it would be feasible to scrutinize the interfacial phenomena of inorganic scale precipitation from the brine and scale formation on the rock surface . From a geometrical perspective, the impact of rock surface topography in terms of roughness and porosity on the molecular interactions is imperative and should also be taken into consideration. , Nikoo and Malayeri examined the impact of the roughness of different rock surfaces on their potency to scale formation.…”