Interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber composites by growing TiO2 nanowires onto amine-based functionalized carbon fiber surface in supercritical water

Ma, Lichun; Li, Nan; Wu, Guangshun; Gao, Song; Li, Xiaoru; Han, Ping; Wang, Gang; Huang, Yongbo

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.036

Cited by 159 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites have attracted scientific attention from many groups aiming for scientific research and industrial utilization, and are widely used as novel engineering materials in many fields because of their high tensile strength, light weight, and outstanding environmental stability [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Nevertheless, the practical application of carbon fiber (CF) composites has been limited because of the fibers' inert and smooth surfaces, as well as the poor quality of the resultant fiber-matrix interface [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Renewable Cardanol onto Carbon Fiber for the Improved Interfacial Properties of Advanced Polymer Composites

et al. 2019

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A facile in situ polymerization was developed for grafting renewable cardanol onto the carbon fiber (CF) surfaces to strengthen the fiber-matrix interface. CFs were chemically modified with hydroxyl groups by using an aryl diazonium reaction, and then copolymerized in situ with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and cardanol to build cardanol-modified fibers (CF-cardanol). The cardanol molecules were successfully introduced, as confirmed using Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); the cardanol molecules were found to increase the surface roughness, energy, interfacial wettability, and activity with the matrix resin. As a result, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF-cardanol composites increased from 48.2 to 68.13 MPa. In addition, the anti-hydrothermal ageing properties of the modified composites were significantly increased. The reinforcing mechanisms of the fiber-matrix interface were also studied.Polymers 2020, 12, 45 2 of 11 important factors, such as interfacial wettability, the introduced mechanical interlocking, and the formed chemical bonding at the interface [26]. In a word, the formed chemical bonding between CFs and the matrix resin promotes the largest share of composite interface improvements.Cardanol, which is extracted from cashew nut shell liquid using a double vacuum distillation technique, is known as a significant agricultural renewable resource [27][28][29][30]. Cardanol, with a reactive phenolic moiety and an unsaturated C15 hydrocarbon chain, can easily form cross-linked structures under a thermal curing treatment, which is viewed as a robust platform for further grafting for multifunctional applications in the fields of coatings, biocomposites, curing agents, and antioxidants owing to its sustainability, low cost, large availability, and bactericidal properties [31,32]. We believe that this is the first report of a new hierarchical reinforcement that has been surface-modified with cardanol for changing the surface/interface properties. Herein, we developed a high-efficiency strategy for functionalizing CFs with renewable cardanol and studied the interfacial behaviors and the mechanisms of reinforcing, as well as toughening the interface for unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites. The active sites were built onto CF surfaces by using the diazonium technique, avoiding a strong acid oxidation treatment. As an agricultural renewable resource, cardanol is cost-effective, highlighting the potential of the strategy for practical applications. Moreover, the chemical bonding easily formed at the interface between CF-cardanol and UPR during the curing process, which played the most important role in enhancing the composite's interfacial properties. The preparation and characterization of CFs functionalized with cardanol and the resultant composites were fully studied, as discussed in this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Renewable Cardanol onto Carbon Fiber for the Improved Interfacial Properties of Advanced Polymer Composites

et al. 2019

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“…Recently, carbon‐based nanofillers including graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and carbon nanofibers were often used to improve the thermal conductivity of polymeric materials because of their unique nanostructure such as high aspect ratio and outstanding thermal conductivity . Unfortunately, most of the nanofillers aggregate rapidly in the polymeric substrate induced by their high specific surface area as well as van der Waals and p‐p interactions, which is not facilitated to the generation of thermal network. For the purpose of the enhancement of heat transfer efficiency, the superior dispersion and compatibility of fillers in the polymer matrix are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously improving the thermal conductive and flame retardant performance for epoxy resins thermosets by constructing core‐shell‐brush structure and distributing of MWCNTs in brush intervals

Leng

Sun

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Fire safety and thermal dissipation performance of epoxy resins thermosets were critical for its application in key fields such as electronic devices. The simultaneous improvement of flame retardant and thermal conductivity properties were still a challenge. Herein, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was firstly encapsulated with 5-wt% epoxy resins based on APP and then surface grafted with polyurethane polymer chain, and the resulting APP with core-shell-brush structure was constructed. Finally, the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was assembled in the intervals of polymer brush on APP surface, and the prepared filler was defined as MF-APP. Its chemical structure and morphologies were characterized and confirmed. The wettability of MF-APP was evaluated by water contact angles tests (WCA) and MF-APP exhibited hydrophobic property with the WCA of 138°. When 9-wt% MF-APP was incorporated into EP thermosets, the thermal conductive value of EP/MF-APP achieved 1.02 Wm −1 K −1 , and the MWCNTs concentration was only 1.8 wt% in thermosets.Compared with the previous work, the prepared EP/MF-APP thermosets exhibited outstanding thermal conductive efficiency because of the homogeneously distribution of MWCNTs. Moreover, the samples fulfilled UL-94 V-0 grade during vertical burning tests with the limiting oxygen index of 30.8%. As a result, the thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of EP thermosets were simultaneously enhanced with a relatively low addition amount of MF-APP, which would bring more chance for wider application of EP thermosets in key fields. KEYWORDS core-shell-brush structure, epoxy resin, flame retardancy, thermal conductivity 1 | INTRODUCTION Epoxy resin (EP) has been widely used in electronic and electrical industries, especially in printed circuit board (PCB) because of its exciting properties such as corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, and high strength. 1-3 With the development of electronic devices toward miniaturization and integration, a large number of heat fluxes in electronic equipment are generated during operation process. It is crucial for the devices that the produced heat can be effectively dissipated. However, EP thermosets exhibit low intrinsic thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.4 Wm −1 K −1 . 4-6 Besides, the fire risk is a significant drawback of the EP thermosets. Considering the public safety and the requirement of electronic devices, the simultaneous improvement of thermal conductivity and flame retardancy for the EPs thermosets is becoming an urgent problem and has attracted a lot of attention over the years.To enhance the thermal conductivity, the traditional highly thermally conductive fillers (~5000 Wm −1 K −1 ) such as aluminum oxide, 7,8 whiskers, 9 nanosilica, 10 and aluminum nitride 11 are generally incorporated into the polymeric material. However, the high loading amount (about 30%-60% by volume) is required to fulfill the thermal conductivity (>1 Wm −1 K −1 ). Besides, the high addition amount of filler would deteriorate the processing and the mechanical properties...

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“…Carbon fibers (CFs) have been widely used as the ideal reinforcements of polymer composites in the fields of automotive and aerospace industries on account of their high strength, low weight, and superior thermal stability . The interface between CFs and matrix resin controls the stress transfer efficiency and plays a predominant role in determining strength, toughness, and energy absorption capability of composites . Unfortunately, a weak quality of interface restricts the application of CFs composites owing to fiber nonpolar and smooth graphitic surfaces .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical modification of carbon fiber with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid/halloysite nanotube as a multifunctional interfacial reinforcement for silicone resin composites

Zheng

Wang

2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In the present research, a multifunctional hierarchical reinforcement was prepared by chemical modification of carbon fibers (CFs) with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) by the bridging diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for improving interfacial microstructures and properties of composites. Surface structures and groups of modified HNTs and CFs were characterized systematically. The uniform distributions of the introduced DTPA and HNTs helped to increase fiber polarity, surface energy, and wettability. As a consequence, significant enhancements of interfacial properties and hydrothermal aging resistance of composites were achieved, and interfacial reinforcing mechanisms have also been studied. Moreover, the storage modulus showed a 17.95% improvement, and the glass transition temperature was enhanced by 17°C by dynamic mechanical analysis testing.

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Interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber composites by growing TiO2 nanowires onto amine-based functionalized carbon fiber surface in supercritical water

Cited by 159 publications

References 30 publications

Modification of Renewable Cardanol onto Carbon Fiber for the Improved Interfacial Properties of Advanced Polymer Composites

Modification of Renewable Cardanol onto Carbon Fiber for the Improved Interfacial Properties of Advanced Polymer Composites

Simultaneously improving the thermal conductive and flame retardant performance for epoxy resins thermosets by constructing core‐shell‐brush structure and distributing of MWCNTs in brush intervals

Chemical modification of carbon fiber with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid/halloysite nanotube as a multifunctional interfacial reinforcement for silicone resin composites

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