Interfacial Engineering of Ru Nanocluster-Modified TiO₂ Nanotube-Assisted Regulation of Lithium Polysulfide Reactions

Abstract

The inhibition of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) diffusion and the acceleration of reaction kinetics are two major challenges for the practical application of lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Herein, through an interface engineering strategy, a multifunctional sulfur host based on Ru nanocluster-modified TiO 2 nanotubes (TiO 2 −Ru) was designed. The TiO 2 −Ru interface field effect, combined with the hollow nanotube structure and the strong chemical action of TiO 2 , enhanced the LiPS trapping ability and inhibited the "shuttle effect". Furthermore, the high catalytic activity of Ru nanoclusters reduced the energy barrier of multistep LiPS reactions, thus speeding up the electrode kinetics. As a result, the TiO 2 −Ru-based composite sulfur cathode delivered excellent electrochemical performance, including an extremely low capacity loss of ∼0.015% per cycle and an increased areal capacity of ∼6.1 mAh cm −2 at 4.8 mg cm −2 . This work contributes to a better sulfur cathode design from insights into morphology and phase interface engineering.