Interfacial control through ZnO nanorod growth on plasma-treated carbon fiber for multiscale reinforcement of carbon fiber/polyamide 6 composites

Kim, Byeong‐Joo; Cha, Sang-Hyup; Kang, Gu‐Hyeok; Kong, Kyungil; Ji, Wooseok; Park, Hyung Wook

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.10.011

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These surface treatment processes are used to coat the fiber surfaces with active groups such (OC, CO, and OCO). In the ensuing composite production process, these active groups enhance their surface energy, polarity, and wettability, enabling improved contact with other parts and the polymer matrix 43,44 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface functionalization of carbon fiber by hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanostructures for mechanical strengthening of polymer composites

Rai,

Bajpai

2023

Polymer Composites

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In this work, the effects of ZnO nanostructure‐surface functionalized carbon fibers has been examined along with their impacts on mechanical attributes of resulting hybrid carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The procedure involves hydrothermally generating ZnO nanostructures on carbon fibers. To generate hybrid composites, the modified carbon fiber fabric is then utilized as reinforcement in a matrix made of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin and polymer. The electron microscopy technique was employed to study development phenomenon of nanostructures on the fiber. According to the findings, lengthening the growth treatment and increasing seeding cycles improves the rate of ZnO formation. However, the results are not significantly impacted by the growth solution's concentration. The weight change analysis, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy all provide additional support for these conclusions. In comparison to plain CFRP composites, the developed hybrid CFRP composites tensile properties and impact resistance are significantly better. The ZnO‐modified CFRP composites exhibit improvements in elastic modulus, tensile strength, and in‐plane shear strength of up to 46.44%, 48.63%, and 20.79%, respectively. The hybrid composites' capacity to absorb impact energy also rises by 76%. Based on these results, the developed hybrid composites exhibit promising properties for applications in industries such as aircraft and automobile manufacturing. They offer high impact strength, high modulus, lightweight characteristics, and low void content, making them desirable materials for these industries.Highlights Controlled growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanostructures on fiber surface has been accomplished using hydrothermal method. Characteristics of CFRP composites such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, in‐plane shear strength, and impact energy absorption, were significantly enhanced on inclusion of ZnO. The developed hybrid composites offer cost‐effective solutions with improved mechanical properties. High impact strength and modulus make them suitable for applications in aircraft and automobile industries. Achieved exceptional morphological structure and enhanced surface‐to‐volume ratio.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the ensuing composite production process, these active groups enhance their surface energy, polarity, and wettability, enabling improved contact with other parts and the polymer matrix. 43,44…”

Section: Surface Treatment Of Wcfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface functionalization of carbon fiber by hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanostructures for mechanical strengthening of polymer composites

Rai,

Bajpai

2023

Polymer Composites

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“…Excellent interfacial interactions can prevent stress concentration at certain sites of the composite, leading to an overall improvement of the mechanical properties. Many fiber surface treatment methods have been developed, and they can be subdivided as follows: increasing the interfacial surface area of fibers by employing nanowires [10,11] and nanorods [12][13][14], functionalizing the fiber surface with organic functional groups using a coupling agent [14][15][16] or through an appropriate chemical reaction [17][18][19], and changing the composition of the fiber surface by oxidative surface treatment [20]. Although increasing the interfacial adhesion of the fiber using a single method, such as whiskerization, coupling with a functional silane molecule, and chemical treatment, has provided promising results, certain limitations in terms of the price and productivity for industrial application remain to be resolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in the cases of heat and oxidative surface treatments, the improvement of certain properties could be compromised owing to the damage of the fiber itself [21,22]. As an alternative method, plasma surface treatment has been widely applied in recent years to modify material surfaces [13,22]. In particular, atmospheric-pressure air plasma is a suitable technique for the surface treatment of metal plates, circuit boards, and fibers because of its merits, such as mass and continuous in-line processing capability, simple equipment installation, and non-requirement of a vacuum chamber or a specific gas [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Simultaneous Strengthening of the Glass Fiber Surface and Polyamide-6 Matrix by Plasma Treatment and Nanoclay Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Multiscale Hybrid Composites

Kim

Lee

et al. 2023

J. Compos. Sci.

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To strengthen the mechanical properties of a fiber-reinforced plastic without deteriorating its toughness caused by adding nanomaterial, multiscale hybrid composites (MHC) composed of polyamide 6 (PA6), woven glass fibers (WGFs), nanoclay, and various additives were fabricated and characterized. A surfactant was used to improve the dispersion of the nanoclay in the composite, and a compatibilizer and toughening agent were added to enhance the interfacial interactions between the nanoclay and PA6 and the toughness of the MHC, respectively. In addition, the WGFs were pretreated with atmospheric-pressure air plasma to enhance the interfacial bonding between the WGF and the mixture composed of PA6/nanoclay/compatibilizer/toughening agent, which constitutes the matrix. The optimal composition of the PA6 mixture, optimal content of the nanoclay, and optimal conditions of the plasma pretreatment of the WGF surface were experimentally determined. A suitable manufacturing process was employed using a material composition that maximizes the mechanical properties of the MHC by mitigating the toughness deterioration owing to nanoclay addition. An appropriate quantity of the nanoclay increased the tensile properties as well as the elongation at the break of the MHC because the toughening agent prevented the reduction in the degree of elongation caused by increasing the clay content to a certain extent. Moreover, the plasma treatment of the WGF enhanced the flexural properties and impact resistance of the MHC. Therefore, not only the tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at the break of the PA6 nanocomposite, which constitutes the matrix of the MHC, increased up to 39.83, 40.91, and 194.26%, respectively, but also the flexural strength and modulus, absorbed impact energy, and penetration limit of the MHC increased by 20.2, 26.8, 83.7, and 100.0%, respectively.

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“…[23][24][25][26][27] This is because of the facile route of formation of rod-like structures without subjecting the fibers to harsh treatments. 28 Lin et al 29 established the influence of ZnO nanowires in CFRP laminates fabricated using single CF tows through the mould casting technique. Both interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and V-notch lamina shear strength improved by 113% and 38%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene oxide-mediated thermo-reversible bonds and in situ grown nano-rods trigger ‘self-healable’ interfaces in carbon fiber laminates

et al. 2022

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Interfacial control through ZnO nanorod growth on plasma-treated carbon fiber for multiscale reinforcement of carbon fiber/polyamide 6 composites

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Surface functionalization of carbon fiber by hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanostructures for mechanical strengthening of polymer composites

Surface functionalization of carbon fiber by hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanostructures for mechanical strengthening of polymer composites

Effects of the Simultaneous Strengthening of the Glass Fiber Surface and Polyamide-6 Matrix by Plasma Treatment and Nanoclay Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Multiscale Hybrid Composites

Graphene oxide-mediated thermo-reversible bonds and in situ grown nano-rods trigger ‘self-healable’ interfaces in carbon fiber laminates

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