Interfacial Adhesion in Silica-Silane Filled NR Composites: A Short Review

Ryu, Chang Seok; Kim, Kwang-Jea

doi:10.3390/polym14132705

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The hydrolyzed accelerator behaves like a delayed action accelerator as it increases the scorch time and fastens the total curing reaction. 40,41 The addition of DMW shows a slight increase in delta torque (M H ÀM L ) (Table 4). The increase in delta torque is an indication of an increase in coupling between silica, silane, and rubber attributed to the hydrolysis reaction of alkoxysilane and condensation interaction with the silica surface, forming a covalent bond between silica and silane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effect of demineralized water on the silanization reaction and the performance properties of green tire tread compound

Neethirajan,

Natarajan,

Mohanty

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Tire industries seek advancements in technologies ranging from novel constructions to new material systems for fuel efficiency. The chemical formulation of tread compounds and their processing conditions can significantly affect tire performance for key attributes, including rolling resistance, wet traction, and wear resistance. Adding demineralized water (DMW) molecules might enhance the silanization reaction between silane and silica filler surface via improved hydrolysis and condensation, resulting in a better silanization reaction. DMW was sprayed on a silica surface before mixing, incorporated with TESPD silane into S‐SBR/BR tire tread compound, and mixed in an internal mixer. The effects of an increase in the DMW content on compound processability, cure characteristics, filler dispersion, dynamic properties, and mechanical properties were investigated. Adding the water‐treated silica into the compound lowered the heat generation during mixing, lowered the dump temperature, lowered the tan δ (E″/E′) at 60°C, and increased the wet grip property by retaining the abrasion resistance compared with the control. The enhancement of filler dispersion was visualized via scanning electron microscope images. Reaction kinetics concerning the addition of water and the effect of the pH of water on the silanization reaction is also discussed using HPLC analysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The possible reaction for this trend might be due to the hydrolysis of some accelerator molecules. The hydrolyzed accelerator behaves like a delayed action accelerator as it increases the scorch time and fastens the total curing reaction 40,41 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of demineralized water on the silanization reaction and the performance properties of green tire tread compound

Neethirajan,

Natarajan,

Mohanty

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The SiEPDM was synthesized by silane grafting with the aid of DCP, and the grafted silane would supply ethoxy groups that condensate with the hydroxyls from silica at a higher temperature. [ 41 ] It is possible that the silica would play as linker that helped construct the crosslinking networks within the SiEPDM‐silica composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Free Crosslinking of EPDM Composites via Silane Grafting and Silica Incorporation

Chen,

Vahidifar,

et al. 2023

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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This study aims at evaluating and developing an environmental‐friendly and sulfur‐free cured ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites. Silane grafted EPDM (SiEPDM) composites incorporated with silica is prepared via a solvent‐free, one‐step reactive mixing process. The silane grafting and silica filler bonding are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the developed composites are examined. The fracture morphology is observed using an environmental scanning electron microscopy. The rheology and thermomechanical properties are evaluated by using a rotational rheometer and dynamic mechanical analyzer. Notably, a robust bonding between silica and the grafted silane is established, yielding a crosslinking network within the composite structure. This phenomenon is substantiated by the observed gel efficiency and rheology behavior. Consequently, a pronounced augmentation of up to 75% in tensile strength and 29% in tear strength are observed in the optimized SiEPDM‐silica composites, distinguishing them from their EPDM‐silica counterparts. The introduction of paraffin oil contributes to enhanced processability; however, it is concomitant with a reduction in gel efficiency and associated mechanical properties. Furthermore, subsequent UV weathering test unveils that the SiEPDM‐silica composites exhibit the highest levels of residual tensile strength and modulus, indicative of their exceptional UV stability.

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“…To enhance its performance and reduce costs, reinforcing fillers are added to natural rubber. Carbon black [ 4 , 5 ] and silica [ 6 , 7 ] are the most commonly used reinforcing materials in the rubber industry. However, the production of carbon black relies on non-renewable petroleum-based energy sources, while silica production consumes a significant amount of energy and causes environmental pollution [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Silane Coupling Agents In-Situ Modified Sepiolite on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Prepared by Latex Compounding Method

et al. 2023

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With the increasing demand for eco-friendly, non-petroleum-based natural rubber (NR) products, sepiolite, a naturally abundant, one-dimensional clay mineral, has been identified as a suitable material for reinforcing NR through the latex compounding method. To create superior NR/sepiolite composites, three silane coupling agents with different functional groups were used to modify sepiolite in situ via grafting or adsorption during the disaggregation and activation of natural sepiolite, which were subsequently mixed with natural rubber latex (NRL) to prepare the composites. The results showed that the modified sepiolite improved the dispersion and interfacial bonding strength with the rubber matrix. VTES-modified sepiolite containing C=C groups slightly improved the performance but retarded the vulcanization of the NR composites, and MPTES and TESPT-modified sepiolites containing -SH and −S4− groups, respectively, effectively accelerated vulcanization, inducing the composites to form a denser crosslink network structure, and exhibiting excellent dynamic and static properties, such as the modulus at a 300% increase from 8.82 MPa to 16.87 MPa, a tear strength increase from 49.6 N·mm−1 to 60.3 N·mm−1, as well as an improved rolling resistance and abrasive resistance of the composites. These findings demonstrate that modified sepiolite can be used to produce high-quality NR/sepiolite composites with enhanced properties.

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Interfacial Adhesion in Silica-Silane Filled NR Composites: A Short Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of demineralized water on the silanization reaction and the performance properties of green tire tread compound

Effect of demineralized water on the silanization reaction and the performance properties of green tire tread compound

Sulfur Free Crosslinking of EPDM Composites via Silane Grafting and Silica Incorporation

Effect of Different Silane Coupling Agents In-Situ Modified Sepiolite on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Prepared by Latex Compounding Method

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