Interface passivation engineering for hybrid perovskite solar cells

Assessment of Lead‐Free Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using J–V Hysteresis

“…Scientists established that energy gap of mixed tin-lead (i.e., MASn 1Àx PbI 3 ) perovskites reduces clearly from 1.5 to 1.3 eV through replacing Pb 2þ (ionic radius 119 pm) by smaller Sn 2þ (ionic radius 110 pm). [58] This happens because the bond angle of Sn-I-Sn in MASnI 3 (177 ) is greater than that of MAPbI 3 (163 ) with [PbI 6 ] 4À octahedra rotation at out of the plane direction. An approximately linear Sn-I-Sn bond angle maximizes p orbital overlapping between tin and iodine atoms, contributing to the broad bandwidth and narrow energy gap.…”

“…Passivation is a possible strategy for inhibiting charge recombination on perovskite surfaces, and it may be accomplished by carefully constructing passivation molecules that passivate both cation and anion defects. [176,177] Finally, increasing the processing window is crucial to commercialize tin PSCs. Highly stable tin PSCs along with an PCE of over 10% must be generated at exceptionally low oxygen concentrations to prevent unwanted oxidation of Sn 2þ and to reduce ion migration in device.…”

Interfacial passivation with 4-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride for stable and efficient planar perovskite solar cells

“…These defects, including pinholes, grain boundaries, under-coordinated ions, dangling bonds, and non-stoichiometric composition on the surface, could lead to nonradiative charge recombination, which can severely hamper the photovoltaic performance of PSCs and may simultaneously induce perovskite degradation. [12][13][14][15][16] One of the more direct and efficient strategies of managing perovskite surface defects and ensuring efficient charge transport into the adjacent interlayers is through interface passivation. [17][18][19][20] Several works on interfacial passivation in PSCs have been reported previously.…”

“…These defects, including pinholes, grain boundaries, under-coordinated ions, dangling bonds, and non-stoichiometric composition on the surface, could lead to non-radiative charge recombination, which can severely hamper the photovoltaic performance of PSCs and may simultaneously induce perovskite degradation. 12–16…”

Enhanced Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Thioacetamide-Treated SnS2 Electron Transporting Layer Based on Molecular Ink

“…Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been considered the pioneers of photovoltaic research owing to their high optical absorption, tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, and excellent photovoltaic performance. − The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has risen from 3.8% to 25.7% after a few years − due to the development of so-called advantageous characteristics.…”