Interface Molecular Engineering for Laminated Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with 80.4% Fill Factor

Abstract

A multipurpose interconnection layer based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and d-sorbitol for monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells is introduced. The interconnection of independently processed silicon and perovskite subcells is a simple add-on lamination step, alleviating common fabrication complexities of tandem devices. It is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that PEDOT:PSS is an ideal building block for manipulating the mechanical and electrical functionality of the charge recombination layer by controlling the microstructure on the nano-and mesoscale. It is elucidated that the optimal functionality of the recombination layer relies on a gradient in the d-sorbitol dopant distribution that modulates the orientation of PEDOT across the PEDOT:PSS film. Using this modified PEDOT:PSS composite, a monolithic two-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with a steady-state efficiency of 21.0%, a fill factor of 80.4%, and negligible open circuit voltage losses compared to single-junction devices is shown. The versatility of this approach is further validated by presenting a laminated two-terminal monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell with 11.7% power conversion efficiency. It is envisioned that this lamination concept can be applied for the pairing of multiple photovoltaic and other thin film technologies, creating a universal platform that facilitates mass production of tandem devices with high efficiency.

High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processed Two‐Terminal Hybrid Tandem Solar Cells Using Spectrally Matched Inorganic and Organic Photoactive Materials

“…In the literature (Table S1, Supporting Information), various types of tandem devices have been reported, including Si/perovskite tandem devices, which have achieved a record‐high PCE (28.00%). [ 26,27,38–45 ] However, even in Si/perovskite‐ and perovskite/perovskite‐based tandem devices, the improvement in PCE from single‐junction to tandem devices was limited to only 15–20% ( Figure 4 a). In recent reports on the record‐high organic/organic tandem device, only ≈30% improvement in PCE from the single‐junction device was achieved (13.29 to 17.50%).…”

2D/3D Heterostructure for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Engineered Bandgap Enables Efficiencies Exceeding 25% in Four‐Terminal Tandems with Silicon and CIGS

“…To date, the most efficient perovskite‐based tandem solar cells have been realized using PSCs on top of low‐bandgap c‐Si [ 6,18,21,23,25,34–42,43 ] or thin‐film CIGS ( E g ≈ 1.0–1.2 eV) [ 24,44–49 ] solar cells. [ 4,19,20,50 ] Record PCEs of up to 29.1% (perovskite/c‐Si, 2T), [ 6 ] 27.7% (perovskite/c‐Si, 4T), [ 43,51 ] 23.3% (perovskite/CIGS, 2T), [ 48 ] and 25.9% (perovskite/CIGS, 4T) [ 45 ] have been reported for the different architectures and configurations.…”

All Antimony Chalcogenide Tandem Solar Cell

“…The development of tandem device can advance existing technologies and enable versatile exploitation of solar materials. For instance, wide bandgap solar cell coupling with low bandgap silicon or Cu 2 (In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells has been considered as a promising approach to upgrading the well‐established solar technologies . In attempt to achieve low‐cost solar cell applications, tandem solar cells based on emerging materials have also been used, such as those based on polymer–amorphous silicon, organic‐quantum dots hybrid tandem solar cells .…”