Interface Engineering of Cubic Zinc Metatitanate as an Excellent Electron Transport Material for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Han, Faming; Wu, Lina; Huang, Xiwei; Hao, Shuqiang; Hui, Yongzheng; Chuong, Tracy T; Yin, Jun; Li, Jing; Zheng, Lan‐Sun; Wu, Binghui

doi:10.1002/solr.201900533

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Recently, the hydrophobicity and high thermal conductivity of carbonaceous materials, particularly graphene and its derivatives, have enabled them to be used as encapsulants for effectively blocking moisture or oxygen in the surrounding environment and to dissipate heat through the encapsulation layer, thereby lowering the device temperature during operation. [145] Being motivated by the recent drive toward the commercial application of PSCs, some researchers have used PMMA/rGO, rGO, and graphene as external encapsulation layers in PSCs, [222][223][224] as shown in Figure 12. The PMMA/rGO, rGO, and graphene-encapsulated devices displayed a negligible drop in efficiency and, respectively, managed to retain %90%, 95%, and 82% of the original PCE, after storage for 500, 1000, and 3700 h, under environmental conditions.…”

Section: External Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being motivated by the recent drive toward the commercial application of PSCs, some researchers have used PMMA/rGO, rGO, and graphene as external encapsulation layers in PSCs, [ 222-224 ] as shown in Figure . The PMMA/rGO, rGO, and graphene‐encapsulated devices displayed a negligible drop in efficiency and, respectively, managed to retain ≈90%, 95%, and 82% of the original PCE, after storage for 500, 1000, and 3700 h, under environmental conditions.…”

Section: External Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Muchuweni

Martincigh

Nyamori

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Recent advancements in technology have inevitably led to a significant increase in the global energy demand, whose traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy, are failing to meet needs due to their nonrenewable nature and consequent depletion. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, fossil fuels and nuclear energy are major sources of environmental pollution, which is responsible for unfavorable global warming and climate change. [7][8][9] Hence, there has been considerable research interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, due to its natural abundance and environmentally friendly nature. [10][11][12] In this regard, solar energy is most commonly converted into electricity by making use of the first-generation solar cells, i.e., crystalline silicon solar cells, that are now commercially available, with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of above 26% [13,14] and superior environmental stability. [15] However, the largescale production of silicon-based solar cells is restricted by their high production cost, complicated fabrication procedures, rigidity, [16,17] and PCE, which is almost close to the theoretical limit of %29.4%. [18] As a result, the second-generation solar cells, i.e., thin-film solar cells, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, [19][20][21] and the third-generation solar cells, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been developed by using simple and low-cost fabrication procedures. Among these, the thirdgeneration solar cells have gained significant research attention due to an abundance of low-cost materials, solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, environmental friendliness, and ease of scaling-up. [28][29][30][31][32] Interestingly, PSCs are a rising star owing to their recent breakthrough in PCE, which has shown a rapid increase from 3.8% in 2009 [33,34] to %25.5% for the current state-of-the-art PSCs. [35] The superior performance of PSCs is mainly attributed to the exceptional properties of metal halide perovskites, including the large absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy at room temperature, ambipolar charge transport characteristics, high charge carrier mobility, slow recombination kinetics, and long electron-hole diffusion length. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Thus, metal halide perovskites are emerging semiconductor materials, described by the general formula of ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 þ ; MA), formamidinium (CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 þ ; FA), caesium (Cs þ ), or rubidium (Rb þ ); B is a divalent metal cation, such as lead (Pb 2þ ), tin (Sn 2þ ), or germanium (Ge 2þ ); and X is a halide anion, such as iodide (I À ), bromide (Br À ), or chloride (Cl À ).

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Section: External Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: External Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Muchuweni

Martincigh

Nyamori

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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“…[87,88] In order to manipulate the unstable ZnO surface, a newcomposition cubic zinc metatitanate (ZnTiO 3 , denoted as ZTO) was employed as an excellent ETL for PSCs with the electron mobility comparable to that of ZnO (Figure 4e). [89] A dezincification method was developed to remove interfacial ZnO by acid treatment to further enhance the overall device PCE and stability (Figure 4f). By integrating double inorganic hole transport layers, the as-fabricated PSCs exhibited superior stability with strong resistance to moisture, heat, and UV stresses.…”

Section: Interface Engineering For Promoting Performance Of Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Insights into Interfacial Effects in Inorganic Nanomaterials

Chen

Zheng

2021

Advanced Materials

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effects of many inorganic nanomaterials for their chemical properties for various applications. [5,6] With respect to the chemical properties of inorganic nanomaterials, catalysis is one of their most important applications. Different from homogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts that own welldefined catalytic sites and thus controllable chemical environments to induce steric or electronic effects for optimizing their catalysis, [7,8] catalytic inorganic nanomaterials often possess various illdefined interfaces. For example, by using polymeric or small organic ligands, a large variety of catalytic metal nanocrystals with controlled size, shape, and composition have been synthesized during the past few decades. [9][10][11] However, limited information on their metal-organic interfaces has been obtained for correlating their catalysis with the surface organic capping agents. Moreover, supported metal nanocatalysts play important roles in a wide range of reactions in chemical industry. However, conventional supported metal catalysts are often prepared by depositing metal precursors on supports followed by reduction, [12] leading to the ill-defined catalytic sites and also the presence of possible different catalytic pathways. In many cases, although the importance of metal-support interfaces has been identified, the ill-defined interface structure makes it extremely difficult to correlate the catalytic performances with the interfaces at the atomic level for guiding the design of better-performance catalysts. In addition to catalysis, interfacial effects also play critical roles in the overall performance of many devices. For instance, interfacial engineering has been demonstrated as an effective approach to optimize the performance of recently emerging organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite. [13] In the general configuration of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a perovskite layer is sandwiched between n-type electron transport material (ETM) and p-type hole transport material (HTM). [14] Together with the composition and quality control of perovskite films, interfacial engineering over the perovskite with ETM and HTM as well as among crystalline domains of perovskite films has been demonstrated to be crucial for improving both the efficiency and stability of large-area PSCs toward practical applications. [3,15] With no doubt, developing comprehensive understanding of the interfaces over inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., metalorganic, metal-support interfaces) is of great importance to the The interfaces between inorganic functional nanomaterials and their surface modifiers play important roles in determining their chemical and physical properties. In numerous situations, interfaces created by organic ligands or secondary inorganic components on inorganic nanomaterials induce significant effects to promote their performances. However, it still remains challenging to understand those interfacial effects at the molecular level. Herein, strategies via the design of model inorganic nanomaterials with well-defined and detectab...

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“…Due to the similar degradation processes of mesoscopic PSCs and planar PSCs, the functions of PMMA/rGO encapsulation layers in mesoscopic PSCs can also be applied to planar PSCs. Han et al [ 180 ] directly sprayed rGOs on the top of planar PSCs to form an encapsulation layer. They verified that individual rGOs were more uniform and possessed the same protective effects of PMMA/rGO composites.…”

Section: Application Of Graphene In External Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Materials in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently become the most promising new‐generation solar cells, with a breathtaking growth of efficiency from 3.8% to 25.2% in just one decade. Scientists have abandoned the traditional high‐temperature‐processed mesoscopic layer of the initial mesoscopic PSCs in designing and manufacturing planar PSCs. This new feature endows planar PSCs with possibilities of low‐temperature processibility and large‐scale production. Nevertheless, the advancement of planar PSCs remains limited by two bottlenecks: charge loss and device degradation. To address these two issues, researchers have adopted graphene‐based materials, which demonstrate tremendous potentials due to their superb optical transparency, outstanding carrier mobility, remarkable electrical conductivity, and superior physicochemical stability. Defects inside films and at interfaces are regulated by graphene, thereby contributing to more efficient charge extraction and suppressed charge recombination. The graphene protective layer enhances the moisture and heat stability of planar PSCs, thereby extending the lifetime of devices. Herein, the typical synthesis methods of graphene and the recent applications of graphene in planar PSCs are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, concluding perspectives on current challenges and the future development of graphene in planar PSCs are proposed.

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Interface Engineering of Cubic Zinc Metatitanate as an Excellent Electron Transport Material for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Chemical Insights into Interfacial Effects in Inorganic Nanomaterials

Graphene‐Based Materials in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

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