Interface Engineering of “Clickable” Organic Electrochemical Transistors toward Biosensing Devices

Abstract

“Clickable” organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) allow the reliable and straightforward functionalization of electronic devices through the well-known click chemistry toolbox. In this work, we study various aspects of the click chemistry-based interface engineering of “clickable” OECTs. First, different channel architectures are investigated, showing that PEDOT-N3 films can properly work as a channel of the transistors. Furthermore, the Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction of ethynyl-ferrocene is studied under different reaction conditions, endowing the spatial control of the functionalization. The strain-promoted and catalyst-free cycloaddition of a dibenzocyclooctyne-derivatized poly-l-lysine (PLL-DBCO) is also performed on the OECTs and validated by a fiber optic (FO)-SPR setup. The further immobilization of an azido-modified HD22 aptamer yields OECT-based biosensors that are employed for the recognition of thrombin. Finally, their performance is evaluated against previously reported architectures, showing higher density of the immobilized HD22 aptamer, and originating similar K D values and higher maximum signal change upon analyte recognition.

Field-effect transistors engineered via solution-based layer-by-layer nanoarchitectonics

“…The conductivity of this channel is controlled by a gate voltage applied through an electrolyte [149,150]. These devices operate as a combination of ionic and electronic conductors, where the injection of ions from the electrolyte into the organic film is required to maintain a balanced charge [151][152][153]. Within this framework, Fenoy and co-workers fabricated OECTs using PEDOT-PAH, and used these devices to track the adsorption of polyelectrolyte multilayers (figure 24).…”

Empowering Bioelectronics with Supramolecular Nanoarchitectonics: PEDOT-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Tunable Electronic Properties

“…In this context, organic bioelectronics combines organic materials with biology and electronics. Because conducting organic polymers present a unique combination of both electronic and ionic conductivity, these materials are excellent tools to effectively interface biology with digitalized electronics. , In particular, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as a promising class for bioelectronic applications because of their distinctive properties such as high interfacial sensitivity, efficient transport, and coupling of ionic and electronic charge, and can be scaled-up in flexible and miniaturized formats. − These devices consist of an organic semiconductor film that connects source and drain electrodes and whose conductivity can be regulated by the application of a gate voltage ( V G ) through an electrolyte. , …”

“…6−8 These devices consist of an organic semiconductor film that connects source and drain electrodes and whose conductivity can be regulated by the application of a gate voltage (V G ) through an electrolyte. 9 Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conducting polymer that exhibits high conductivity over a wide potential range, excellent stability in biological environments, and biocompatibility. 11,12 Furthermore, integrating other components such as polystyrenesulfonate and polyallylamine into the PEDOT polymer matrix can result in hybrid compounds (ionic polymer complexes) with new or optimized properties.…”

Transduction of Amine–Phosphate Supramolecular Interactions and Biosensing of Acetylcholine through PEDOT-Polyamine Organic Electrochemical Transistors

“…On the other hand, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as a promising class of devices for bioelectronic applications due to their unique properties such as high interfacial sensitivity and offering scalable manufacturing of flexible and miniaturized sensing arrays. − These devices consist of an organic semiconductor film that spans source and drain electrodes and whose conductivity can be regulated by the application of a gate voltage ( V G ) through an electrolyte. , This device configuration allows recording signals using a V G of maximum transconductance, a condition of major importance for sensors with improved sensitivity . Moreover, the transconductance can be augmented by molecular doping, increase of degree of crystallinity, and film thickness, among other approaches.…”

“…20−22 These devices consist of an organic semiconductor film that spans source and drain electrodes and whose conductivity can be regulated by the application of a gate voltage (V G ) through an electrolyte. 23,24 This device configuration allows recording signals using a V G of maximum transconductance, a condition of major importance for sensors with improved sensitivity. 25 Moreover, the transconductance can be augmented by molecular doping, increase of degree of crystallinity, and film thickness, among other approaches.…”