Interface energy-driven indium whisker growth on ceramic substrates

Li, Shuai; Liu, Yushuang; Zhang, Peigen; Zhang, Yan; Lu, Chengjie; Ding, Jianxiang; Sun, ZhengMing

doi:10.1007/s10854-021-06250-5

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, due to the weak bonding between the M 6 X-octahedron layer and the A-atom layer, A-site atoms can be easily released from the lattice points of the MAX phase during mechanical exfoliation [24,25,27]. So far, there have been some reports [26][27][28]35,36] confirming that A-site metal whiskers (such as Ga, Sn, and In whiskers) can grow on the corresponding MAX phases (Cr 2 GaC, Ti 2 SnC, and Ti 2 InC, respectively). Zn-containing MAX phases (e.g., Ti 2 ZnC, V 2 ZnC, and Ti 3 ZnC 2 ) were successfully synthesized by Huang Qing et al [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Growth of ZnO Whiskers on Ti2ZnC MAX Phases

Ren,

Tian,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Materials

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ZnO whiskers have many applications, such as in medical and photocatalysis fields. In this study, an unconventional preparation approach is reported, realizing the in-situ growth of ZnO whiskers on Ti2ZnC. The weak bonding between the layer of Ti6C-octahedron and the Zn-atom layers leads to the easy extraction of Zn atoms from Ti2ZnC lattice points, resulting in the formation of ZnO whiskers on the Ti2ZnC surface. This is the first time that ZnO whiskers have been found to grow in-situ on Ti2ZnC substrate. Further, this phenomenon is amplified when the size of the Ti2ZnC grains is mechanically reduced by ball-milling, which bodes a promising route to prepare ZnO in-situ on a large scale. Additionally, this finding can also help us better understand the stability of Ti2ZnC and the whiskering mechanism of MAX phases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Growth of ZnO Whiskers on Ti2ZnC MAX Phases

Ren,

Tian,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Very recently, when we performed mechanochemical decomposition of Ti 2 SnC (a typical MAX phase), except for the rapid and massive growth phenomenon of Sn whisker, tiny TiC crystals in Ti 2 SnC grain were also observed, explained as the partial decomposition of Ti 2 SnC phase. 8 Inspired by the fact that a couple of MAX phases containing low melting point metal element (LMPM) at A-site can grow A-site metal whiskers, 3 for instance, Ga whisker of Cr 2 GaC, 9,10 In whisker of Ti 2 InC 11 and Zr 2 InC, 12 Sn whisker of Ti 2 SnC, 13,14 the questions arise naturally whether M and X atoms will also transform into valuable products (such as TiC for Ti 2 SnC) when mechanochemical decomposition of the MAX phase is sufficient. In fact, both decomposition products (nano-sized TiC and Sn whiskers) are advanced materials for new technologies, which makes the mechanochemical decomposition of other MAX phases significant to the preparation of various nano-sized M-X carbides and A-site metal whiskers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

Tian

Tang

et al. 2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Nano-sized transition metal carbide powder is usually synthesized by chemical methods such as chemical vapor deposition, while its large-scale synthesis is a long-standing challenge due to high energy consumption and low yield; metal nanowires (NWs) (mainly noble metals) are usually prepared by wet chemistry, and more compositions and greener preparation routes for metal NWs are urgent to meet the needs of the high technology industry. Herein, MAX phases are mechanochemically decomposed, resulting in the fine corresponding binary M-X carbides and the A-site metal whiskers. This implies a feasible top-down route for efficiently preparing fine carbides and high-quality metal whiskers on large scale. Several example MAX phases (both 312 and 211) are selected to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. The carbides and metal whiskers are characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to identify their morphology, composition, and phase. The compositional diversity of MAX phases bodes that this would be a promising alternative avenue to preparing various nano-sized carbides and single-crystal metal whiskers.

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Method for inhibiting Sn whisker growth on Ti2SnC

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2022

J Mater Sci

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Interface energy-driven indium whisker growth on ceramic substrates

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

In-Situ Growth of ZnO Whiskers on Ti2ZnC MAX Phases

In-Situ Growth of ZnO Whiskers on Ti2ZnC MAX Phases

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

Method for inhibiting Sn whisker growth on Ti2SnC

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