Interface Electrode Morphology Effect on Carrier Concentration and Trap Defect Density in an Organic Photovoltaic Device

Kesavan, Arul Varman; Rao, Arun D.; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b03953

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…But the BHJ still has issues, such as the disorder in the bulk generating some isolated domains that can trap free charge carriers and prevent them from reaching the electrodes. 142 Also, the longer and disordered (spatially and energetically) paths increase the chances for charge recombination. Simply put, charge percolation directly to the electrodes is very important, and some paths can be dead-ends because of the randomness of the morphology.…”

Section: Morphology and Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These characteristics have made the BHJ the most successful morphology for OPVs. But the BHJ still has issues, such as the disorder in the bulk generating some isolated domains that can trap free charge carriers and prevent them from reaching the electrodes 142 . Also, the longer and disordered (spatially and energetically) paths increase the chances for charge recombination.…”

Section: Morphology and Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices

Doat

Barboza

Batagin‐Neto

et al. 2021

Polymer International

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This review gives a simple and pedagogical introduction to the field of materials and their modelling for the active layer in organic photovoltaic devices. It gives a perspective on past work and a summary of the current state of the art. Given the extremely fast changes on-going in this field, it is hoped that this contribution will serve as both a timely snapshot and a pedagogical entry point to this fascinating subject. Furthermore, an example is given of how modelling can enhance the understanding of the structures and qualities of materials using a leading low-bandgap polymer donor and non-fullerene acceptor pair (PM6 and Y6).

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Section: Morphology and Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphology and Block Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices

Doat

Barboza

Batagin‐Neto

et al. 2021

Polymer International

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“…Silver from the source is expected to follow the topography of the previous layer to have a compact interface. Electrodes deposited using thermal evaporation of aluminum nanoparticles have shown improved performance for bulk heterojunction organic devices . Improvement in device performance has also been observed in the preliminary studies using silver nanoparticles for metal electrodes deposited by thermal evaporation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrodes deposited using thermal evaporation of aluminum nanoparticles have shown improved performance for bulk heterojunction organic devices. 12 Improvement in device performance has also been observed in the preliminary studies using silver nanoparticles for metal electrodes deposited by thermal evaporation. 13 Electrodes with no improper roughness matching will hamper the charge carrier transport across the interface of the transport layer and the metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Transport Layer–Metal Electrode Interface Morphology Tailoring for Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

Nath

Ramamurthy

Mahapatra

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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In the field of photovoltaics, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) is the most emerging light absorber material because of its excellent optoelectronic properties. Perovskite solar cells with P−I−N device architecture were fabricated with thermally evaporated metal electrodes from different sources like silver nanoparticles and bulk silver shots. Film topography, surface morphology, structure, and grain size were observed using various characterization techniques. Top electrodes with better roughness matching with the transport layer were obtained by thermal evaporation of metal nanopowder. Various electrical characterization techniques, including current density (J) vs voltage (V) and capacitance measurements, were carried out under light and dark conditions for investigating the device performance. Devices with electrodes thermally evaporated using nanopowder showed enhancement in device performance with a lower series resistance and a higher shunt resistance, as observed from J−V characteristics. An open-circuit voltage improvement of ∼14% and a power conversion efficiency enhancement of ∼13% have been observed. A considerable improvement in contact resistances has also been noted. The idea about the recombination of devices can be obtained from J−V measurements with varying illumination intensities. The higher carrier concentration in the device based on a Ag NP electrode can be related to the contribution of the less recombination because of the reduced number of traps. These findings support the purpose of using metal nanopowder instead of the bulk form of metals for thermally evaporated top electrodes in perovskite solar cells.

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“…Various types of interface trap state formation lead to the rapid burn-in loss in the photovoltaic devices. Different studies investigated various trap state formations in the OPV devices. − Burn-in loss occurs at the very beginning of the as-prepared photovoltaic device. This loss is mainly associated with the interface trap state formation and morphology change, which is due to the light illumination …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Polymer Solar Cell Efficiency To Understand the Burn-in Loss

et al. 2019

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In this study, the degradation process of a conventional P3HT:PC 61 BM bulk heterojunction solar cell device due to light-induced aging is evaluated. This structure is chosen so as to reduce the number of interface layers. Continuous light aging is done under AM1.5G light, and devices are analyzed in short periods. The measured electrical properties, such as current−voltage, capacitance−voltage, and capacitance−frequency characteristics, and optical and structural properties suggested the process of device degradation progression. In order to investigate the photodegradation of the device and the trap state formation, various device parameters are determined, such as the density of trap states, trap distribution width, peak trap state position, carrier concentration, and built-in potential. The dual peak nature is observed in the capacitance−voltage spectra of the light-aged device. Formation of defect peaks should be attributed to trap states as well as morphological changes: modification at the donor/acceptor and semiconductor/electrode interface. Additionally, the defect peak intensity increases as the light aging period increases. The calculated carrier concentration and density of trap states are observed to be correlated with the device performance. The detailed analysis of the device properties indicates that interface-induced changes are the initial points of device degradation. The initial point of degradation primarily affects short-circuit current and fill factor (FF). Observed changes in the current density, J SC , and FF are mainly associated with an increase in the series resistance, R s . Structural and optical properties of as-prepared and aged devices revealed that there is not much change in the absorbance and crystallinity. These results corroborate that the initial device degradation is mainly due to the electrical part (various resistance) associated with the device. Further, the doublet in the capacitance spectrum under the illuminated condition is discussed. The burn-in loss of the solar cell is connected with an increase in the density of trap states. This work provides direct evidence of the formation of defect states in the device, which is portrayed in the capacitance−voltage spectra of aged samples under the illuminated condition.

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Interface Electrode Morphology Effect on Carrier Concentration and Trap Defect Density in an Organic Photovoltaic Device

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices

Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices

Electrode Transport Layer–Metal Electrode Interface Morphology Tailoring for Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

Evaluation of Polymer Solar Cell Efficiency To Understand the Burn-in Loss

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