Interface converter control of distributed generation in microgrids using fractional proportional—Resonant controller

Analysis of Voltage and Reactive Power Algorithms in Low Voltage Networks

“…Proportional-Integral-Derivative-PID [29,46,[48][49][50][51][52][53]. Adding an integrator to PD control means PID control [54].…”

“…A disadvantage of PIDs is that they cannot track the sine reference signal while preventing steady-state error [41,50]. Controllers do not work well in the presence of harmonics and out-of-balance voltages or currents [50]. PID controllers with a low order transfer function have a lower complexity.…”

“…Proportional Integral-PI [41,46,50,51,[61][62][63][64][65]. PI controllers have a simple structure, they are simple to design and install, but their performance is dependent on gain parameters and parametric uncertainties [41,50,[63][64][65].…”

“…Proportional Integral-PI [41,46,50,51,[61][62][63][64][65]. PI controllers have a simple structure, they are simple to design and install, but their performance is dependent on gain parameters and parametric uncertainties [41,50,[63][64][65]. Various PI controllers are used to regulate the voltage of the DC coupling and to control the AC current of inverter-based PV interface systems [66].…”

“…It necessitates a precise mathematical relationship and is thus susceptible to parameter change [67]. PI operation will deteriorate in the case of a sudden change in operating conditions, in the case where it cannot track the sine wave reference without steady-state error [41,50].…”