Interface-Based Design of Real-Time Systems with Hierarchical Scheduling

Wandeler, Ernesto; Thiele, Lothar

doi:10.1109/rtas.2006.23

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, we can also model some other CDFs with the numerical-approximation for count models of the CDF or based on simulations, see [18]; again this is not the goal of the current work. Component Interfaces To model interfaces of WSN components we make use of an approach similar to the real-time calculus [17] and to the assume/guarantee interfaces [19] tailored towards guarantees on the bandwidth-availability, and requests. An interface of a generic network component has input and output variables related to event streams (the arrivals) and resource availability (the services).…”

Section: Node Component Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Bandwidth Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks

Khan

Nefzi

Santinelli

et al. 2012

Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications

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Abstract. With this paper we offer an insight in designing and analyzing wireless sensor networks in a versatile manner. Our framework applies probabilistic and component-based design principles for the wireless sensor network modeling and consequently analysis; while maintaining flexibility and accuracy. In particular, we address the problem of allocating and reconfiguring the available bandwidth. The framework has been successfully implemented in IEEE 802.15.4 using an Admission Control Manager (ACM); which is a module of the MAC layer that guarantees that the nodes respect their probabilistic bandwidth assignment as well as the bandwidth assignment policy applied. The proposed framework also aims to accurately analyze the behaviors of communication protocols for energy-consumption and reliability purposes. We evaluate the probabilistic bandwidth assignment methods using CSMA/CA access protocol of IEEE 802.15.4. Furthermore, we analyze the behavior of the ACM and compare the performance of the network with and without using the ACM against the original standard. The simulation results show that the use of ACM increases the overall performance of the network. 4

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Section: Node Component Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Bandwidth Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks

Khan

Nefzi

Santinelli

et al. 2012

Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications

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“…Interface-based design [1], especially real-time and resource interfaces [18,33,8], also shows considerable promise for helping with real-time embedded software. Our analysis in this paper heavily leverages a special case of these called causality interfaces [25].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Programming Model for Time-Synchronized Distributed Real-Time Systems

Zhao

Liu

Lee

2007

13th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'07)

120

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Discrete-event (DE) models are formal system specifications that have analyzable deterministic behaviors. Using a global, consistent notion of time, DE components communicate via time-stamped events. DE models have primarily been used in performance modeling and simulation, where time stamps are a modeling property bearing no relationship to real time during execution of the model. In this paper, we extend DE models with the capability of relating certain events to physical time. We propose a programming model, called PTIDES (Programming Temporally Integrated Distributed Embedded Systems), which has DE semantics, but with carefully chosen relations between model time and real time. Key to making this model effective is to ensure that constraints that guarantee determinacy in the semantics are preserved at runtime. To accomplish this, we give a distributed execution strategy that obeys DE semantics without the penalty of totally ordered executions based on time stamps. Our technique relies on having a distributed common notion of time, known to some precision. Based on causality analysis of DE models, we define relevant dependency and relevant orders to enable out-of-order execution without compromising determinism and without requiring backtracking.

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“…For real-time systems, there has been a growing attention to hierarchical scheduling frameworks [5,10,11,8,15,12,1,2,13,20,18] that support hierarchical resource sharing under different scheduling algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have proposed assume-guarantee interfaces for real-time components, with a generic real-time interface model [19,20,18] and with a bounded-delay resource partition interface model [9], to support interfaces towards compositional and incremental schedulability analysis. Their techniques support compositional analysis for components with EDF or RM scheduler.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their techniques support compositional analysis for components with EDF or RM scheduler. However, their techniques for supporting incremental analysis have been restricted to components with EDF scheduler [20,18,9], i.e., they are not applicable to components with RM scheduler. Also, these approaches do not address the problem of minimizing the resource bandwidth requirement of interfaces taking into account context switch overhead of components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional Schedulability Analysis of Hierarchical Real-Time Systems

Easwaran

Lee

Shin

et al. 2007

10th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'07)

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Embedded systems are complex as a whole but consist of smaller independent modules interacting with each other. This structure makes them amenable to compositional design. Real-time embedded systems consist of realtime workloads having deadlines. Compositional design of such systems can be done using real-time components arranged in a scheduling hierarchy. Each component consists of some real-time workload and a scheduling policy for the workload. To simplify schedulability analysis for such systems, analysis should be done compositionally using interfaces that abstract timing requirement of components. To facilitate analysis of dynamically changing systems, the framework should also support incremental analysis. In this paper, we overview our approach to compositional and incremental schedulability analysis of hierarchical real-time systems. We describe a compositional analysis technique that abstracts resource requirement of components using periodic resource models. To support incremental analysis and resource bandwidth minimization, we describe an extension to this interface model. Each extended interface consists of multiple periodic resource models for different periods. This allows the selection of a periodic model that can schedule the system using minimum bandwidth. We also account for context switch overhead of components in these extended interfaces. We then describe an associative composition technique for such interfaces, that supports incremental analysis. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of the University of Pennsylvania's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.

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Interface-Based Design of Real-Time Systems with Hierarchical Scheduling

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Probabilistic Bandwidth Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks

Probabilistic Bandwidth Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Programming Model for Time-Synchronized Distributed Real-Time Systems

Compositional Schedulability Analysis of Hierarchical Real-Time Systems

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