“…Not only are different processes used but they are also used in different ways. Two approaches that are used in existing literature are, firstly, the modeling of the force of interest accumulation function (see, for example, DEVOLDER (1986), BEEKMAN and FUEL-LING (1990, 1993, DE SCHEPPER et al (1992a, 1992b, DE SCHEPPER and GOOVAERTS (1992)), and secondly, the modeling of the force of interest (see, for example, PANJER and BELLHOUSE (1980), DHAENE (1989), FREES (1990), PARKER (1992, 1993a, 1993b, 1994), NORBERG (1993)). The particular assumption that the forces of interest are independent and identically distributed (i.e.…”