Interdisciplinary Treatment to Arc Welding Power Sources

Vendan, S. Arungalai; Gao, Liang; Garg, Akhil; Kavitha, P.; Dhivyasri, G.; Sg, Rahul

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0806-2

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Arc welding is one of the most common welding methods, in which the energy from an arc of electric current between the material and a consumable/non-consumable electrode stick (either) is employed to melt the workpiece(s) with/without a protective atmosphere. Typical arc welding includes shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) (also known as TIG (Tungsten inert gas)), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), submerged arc welding (SAW) [ 15 , 16 ]. Most of the work on welding HEAs has been focused on gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Welding Of Heas In Different Welding Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure, precipitation and element segregation/redistribution in a welding process are also important for some service conditions such as corrosion, creep etc. [ 1 , 12 , 15 , 16 ]. Apart from the difference in the general structure and hardness profiles of welding zones detailed in Section 2 , research work on welding of HEAs also revealed significant difference in secondary phase and precipitation associated with different welding processes and material systems.…”

Section: Grain Structure Element Distribution and Precipitations mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEA can be produced by many different routes such as liquid processing approaches (e.g., arc melting, Bridgman solidification, atomization and laser cladding), additive manufacturing, mechanical alloying (e.g., powder metallurgy), mixing elements of the vapor state including sputter deposition, atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition [ 1 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Welding is a complex process due to the fact that many conditions or factors affect the welding process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many different welding processes such as arc welding, laser welding, friction stir welding, electron beam welding, electrical resistance spot welding as well as other processes such as electroslag welding, vacuum diffusion welding, etc. [ 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. These welding processes differ significantly in the welding mechanism, working principles of the equipment and efficiency, but each has been found to have wide applications in different industries and application conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy input and the maximum temperature could be many orders of magnitude different from each of the welding methods, which directly influence the elemental and material behavior such as evaporation, melting and cooling. For example, the heat density ranges from 10 5 –10 6 W/cm 2 for gas metal arc welding or plasma arc welding to 10 7 –10 8 W/cm 2 for laser or electron beam welding [ 15 , 16 ]. The structural zones formed ( Figure 1 ) after different welding processes could be significantly different in geometry, size, microstructure and compositions, which is dependent on many factors such as the behavior of material systems (elements, evaporation, melting, flow, phase changes, cooling, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welding of High Entropy Alloys—A Review

Guo

Tang

Rothwell

et al. 2019

Entropy

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High-entropy alloy (HEA) offers great flexibility in materials design with 3–5 principal elements and a range of unique advantages such as good microstructure stability, mechanical strength over a broad range of temperatures and corrosion resistance, etc. Welding of high entropy alloy, as a key joining method, is an important emerging area with significant potential impact to future application-oriented research and technological developments in HEAs. The selection of feasible welding processes with optimized parameters is essential to enhance the applications of HEAs. However, the structure of the welded joints varies with material systems, welding methods and parameters. A systemic understanding of the structures and properties of the weldment is directly relevant to the application of HEAs as well as managing the effect of welding on situations such as corrosion that are known to be a service life limiting factor of welded structures in conditions such as marine environments. In this paper, key recent work on welding of HEAs is reviewed in detail focusing on the research of main HEA systems when applying different welding techniques. The experimental details including sample preparation, sample size (thickness) and welding conditions reflecting energy input are summarized and key issues are highlighted. The microstructures and properties of different welding zones, in particular the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat affected zones (HAZ), formed with different welding methods are compared and presented in details and the structure-property relationships are discussed. The work shows that the weldability of HEAs varies with the HEA composition groups and the welding method employed. Arc and laser welding of AlCoCrFeNi HEAs results in lower hardness in the FZ and HAZ and reduced overall strength. Friction stir welding results in higher hardness in the FZ and achieves comparable/higher strength of the welded joints in tensile tests. The welded HEAs are capable of maintaining a reasonable proportion of the ductility. The key structure changes including element distribution, the volume fraction of face centered cubic (FCC) and body centered cubic (BCC) phase as well as reported changes in the lattice constants are summarized and analyzed. Detailed mechanisms governing the mechanical properties including the grain size-property/hardness relationship in the form of Hall–Petch (H–P) effect for both bulk and welded structure of HEAs are compared. Finally, future challenges and main areas to research are highlighted.

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Section: Welding Of Heas In Different Welding Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grain Structure Element Distribution and Precipitations mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Welding of High Entropy Alloys—A Review

Guo

Tang

Rothwell

et al. 2019

Entropy

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Experimental and simulation of C45 steel bar heat treatment with the GTAW method application

2020

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The motivation of the paper is an attempt to indicate the relationship between the selected Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) technology and the parameters of the boundary conditions for the simulation of the heat treatment process of elements made of medium-carbon steel. The authors of the paper prepared and described a series of numerical simulations and experimental studies concerning this problem. Simulations often use previously-developed analytical equations to describe the relationships between process parameters. The results obtained for the input data for determining the heat source power (voltage) from the analytical equation and experimental measurements were compared. Several cases of the size of the areas of direct influence of the GTAW arc (various radius of a simulation heat source) were analysed. All computations were performed in the author’s software based on Finite Element Method (FEM) solving the heat transfer equation with the convection term. In this paper, the GTAW heating parameters (boundary condition) for a current intensity equal 30 A were identified. With the assumed arc efficiency coefficient, the arc voltage set on the device and the measured value of the arc current, the optimum radius of the heat source was determined. The identification of parameters was confirmed by the convergence of the results of numerical simulation in three-dimensional space (3D) with the results of the experiment. Unfortunately, the applied methodology did not give good results for current equal to 50A.

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