“…Improvements in proximal and remote sensor technologies to quantify and upscale measurement of important environmental variables determining GxExM interactions, e.g., evapotranspiration (Figure 2; Guan et al, 2017;He et al, 2019;Kimm et al, 2020), open a wide range of opportunities for applications of enviromic technologies to accelerate crop improvement by integrating breeding and agronomy (Cooper et al, 2020;Peng et al, 2020;Kusmec et al, 2021) and enabling environment-specific predictions (Rogers et al, 2021). For maize breeding in the US corn-belt, early applications of these enviromic technologies have been integrated into the operations of crop improvement programs and are in operational use today (Cooper et al, 2014a(Cooper et al, ,b, 2020Gaffney et al, 2015;Messina et al, 2018).…”