“…In addition, visible minority immigrants in the United States, especially those with marginalized social and cultural identities (e.g., people of color and Muslim youth wearing a hijab), have been vulnerable to isolation stre ss as a result of discrimination and alienation (Ellis et al, 2020). These experiences have negatively impacted the sense of belonging and the ethnic identity of immigrant youth and led to increased withdrawal, anxiety, and depressive symptoms (Goforth et al, 2016; Khouri, 2016; Suarez‐Orozco et al, 2012). Furthermore, past research suggested that those who immigrated before the age of 13 are also more vulnerable to mental health problems (Alegria et al, 2007; Fuligni & Perreira, 2009).…”