“…Several authors have reported on medical student education programs that involve SPs trained to portray people with alcohol problems (33, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46). SPs portraying individuals with a history of alcohol and/or drug use have been used to assess nursing (47) and medical (48, 49) students’ ability to obtain substance abuse histories. Importantly, in a survey of community-based clinicians, Saitz and colleagues (50) found that trainings for screening and brief intervention for substance abuse problems that included role play with standardized patients were associated with high percentages of reported impacts on practice, use of formal screening questionnaires, and assessments for readiness to change.…”