Interdiction Analysis of Electric Grids Combining Cascading Outage and Medium-Term Impacts

Abstract

This paper presents an improved interdiction model to identify maximal electric grid attacks. The contribution of the model is that it incorporates both short-term (seconds to minutes) and medium-term (minutes to days) impacts of the possible attack. The medium-term impacts are examined by an interdicted dc optimal power flow model. The short-term impacts are addressed by a cascading outage analysis model that uses a set of sequentially applied checkers to perform the simulation of the cascading outage events and assess the short-term impacts of a blackout subsequent to specified terrorist attacks. An integer programming heuristic is applied that can utilize standard optimization software (e.g. CPLEX) to solve master problems generated by the heuristic. The proposed model has been verified using the IEEE 300-Bus Test System and IEEE RTS 96 Test System. Discussions of the results and future research plans are also presented in this paper.Index Terms-Cascading outages, interdiction, power flow, power system security.

A Comparison of Malicious Interdiction Strategies Against Electrical Networks

“…On the other hand, the state of the art in power system engineering can model cascading failures with realism: for instance, [79] considers both short and medium term outage effects, and includes representations of e.g transient and frequency stability in the cascade simulation [80]. Of those engineering works that consider intentional attacks, optimal power flow techniques are popular for identifying sets of power system components to attack [81]- [83].…”

“…Of those engineering works that consider intentional attacks, optimal power flow techniques are popular for identifying sets of power system components to attack [81]- [83]. Likewise, metaheuristic formulations to identify promising attack targets are also common [37], [38], [40], [79], [84]- [88]. Finally, and as previously mentioned, network structural metrics are also used within the power systems literature on attack simulation [33], [46], [47], [54], [55], [89]- [91].…”

Preventive reinforcement under uncertainty for islanded microgrids with electricity and natural gas networks

“…Resilience in electricity network was addressed by several publications [11][12][13][14][15]. In [11], a simulation-based approach is proposed to address the margin and sensitivity of the electricity distribution network with respect to the resources for repair and recovery.…”

“…The objective is to determine the most destructive interdiction plan with the highest loss of load in the power network. An improved interdiction model that identifies maximal electric grid attacks in short-term (seconds to minutes) and medium term (minutes to days) is addressed in [14]. The proposed model identifies the potential cascading failures that may lead to large blackouts.…”

Risk Assessment of Power System Considering Frequency Dynamics and Cascading Process

“…Some static power-flow-based cascading failure models, for example, the ORNL-PSerc-Alaska (OPA) model [11], the Manchester model [12] and the improved OPA model [8], cannot simulate the frequency dynamics and deal with the power mismatch in simple ways. Recently, some full-time transient simulation-embedded models were proposed by [13][14][15]. They can simulate the detailed dynamics of the cascading process, but their computations are relatively slow, and some important supervisory control measures are not considered, for example, frequency-related generator tripping and emergency dispatch (ED) scheme.…”