Abstract.The structure and dynamics of knowledge is central to modern evolutionary economics.In the canonical evolutionary model, knowledge exists in the routines and competencies of firms, an approach optimized to study industrial dynamics. In mainstream economics however, knowledge is represented as human capital, an investment by workers in education and skills, an approach suited to the study of labour markets, education, jobs and careers. Evolutionary economics has little to say about this. We propose a new research program for evolutionary economics that develops an evolutionary theory of human capital by representing human capital as a position on a network of knowledge and economic evolution as change in that network. Our new approach connects with the economic sociology of labour markets as networks; models the evolution of jobs as the dynamic structure of that network, and models a career as a path through that network; and furnishes a new theory of structural unemployment.Keywords: economic evolution, human capital, labour markets, jobs, careers, employment JEL: B52, D1, E23, J00, M5, O3Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2802236 The evolutionary view of economics focuses on knowledge, and its 'endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful' that since Veblen (1898), Penrose (1959), Boulding (1979 and Nelson and Winter (1982) have been conceived of as the habits, routines and institutions that are the 'economic genotype' to the observable economic phenotypes of commodities, resources and organizations. This view of knowledge is the foundation of evolutionary economics, which is ultimately a theory of the evolution of knowledge in economic systems, the primary locus of which-i.e. the carrier and replicator of knowledge-has been the innovating firm, shaped by entrepreneurial dynamics, in the form of competences and capabilities.Yet a very differently centred approach to knowledge prevails in neoclassical economics, which since the work of Mincer (1958), Schultz (1961) and Becker (1964) has located knowledge-as human capital-as an investment good accumulated within individual economic agents. Evolutionary economists have long criticized the way this forces a treatment of knowledge as a commodity-like stock, rather than of knowledge as a structure or as a process (Loasby 2012). However, there are two overarching pay-offs to the neoclassical approach: first, simplified measurement by inputs (e.g. years of education); and second, tight connection to the study of labour markets, education, jobs and careers. In contrast, evolutionary economics-in which the analytic treatment of knowledge in firms has, since Schumpeter, been geared to the study of industrial dynamics-has comparatively little to say about such things. Perhaps the greatest lacuna of modern evolutionary economics is its relative neglect of the human capital domains of analysis of labour markets, education, jobs, careers and households. What is missing, in other words, is an evolutionary theory of jobs, careers, and household...