Intercropping increases parasitism of pests

Khan, Zeyaur R.; Ampong-Nyarko, K.; Chiliswa, P.; Hassanali, Ahmed; Kimani, Susan W.; Lwande, Wilber; Overholt, William A.; Picketta, J. A.; Smart, Lesley E.; Woodcock, C. M.

doi:10.1038/41681

Cited by 325 publications

(208 citation statements)

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“…Disruption in the oviposition behavior of D. floralis by presence of clover caused reduction in the number of their pupae (Björkman et al, 2010). Maize intercropped with the non-host molasses grass, Melinis minutiflora, had significantly decreased levels of infestation by stem-borers Chilo partellus Swinhoe (from 39.2% to 4.6%) and also increased larval parasitism of stem-borers by Cotesia sesamiae (Khan et al, 1997). The cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) intercropped with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), suffered significantly less pest infestation and led to a 50% reduction in abundance of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Schader et al, 2005).…”

Section: Intercropping Influence Pest Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Diversification Affects Biological Pest Control

Marković

2013

AGR

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Crop monocultures encourage the multiplication and spread of pest insects on massive and uniform crop. Numerous studies have evaluated the impact of plant diversification on pests and beneficial arthropods population dynamics in agricultural ecosystems and provided some evidence that habitat manipulation techniques like intercropping can significantly influence pest control. This paper describes various potential options of habitat management and design that enhance ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. The focus of this review is the application and mechanisms of biodiversity in agricultural systems to enhance pest management.

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Section: Intercropping Influence Pest Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Diversification Affects Biological Pest Control

Marković

2013

AGR

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“…This was achieved by establishing triplicated plots, principally on members of the Poaceae but also Cyperaceae and Typhinae, as well as some leguminous crops and cattle forage plants, at the ICIPE Field Station at Mbita Point in the Suba District of Nyanza Province, on the banks of Lake Victoria (Khan et al 1997b). From this preliminary work, it was established that molasses grass, Melinis minutiflora (Poaceae), was so unattractive that it received no significant oviposition.…”

Section: The Stem Borer Pests Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar comparative trials were established using molasses grass, growing this as a one-to-one intercrop without changing the maize row spacing. Here, the reduction in stem borer damage was even more dramatic (for example, damage reduced from 39.2 to 4.6%; Khan et al 1997b).…”

Section: The Move Towards Push-pullmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their feeding habits on maize and sorghum result in yield losses of up to 88%, depending on the cultivar planted, developmental stage of the plant at infestation, infestation rate and prevailing environmental conditions, among other factors (Kfir et al 2002). These insects use a range of grasses (Khan et al 1997b;Khan & Polaszek 1998;Rebe et al 2004) including indigenous crops such as sorghum and the introduced maize. Whether on the crops or on wild grass hosts, the larvae of the stem borers are parasitized by a range of predominantly hymenopterous parasitoids such as Cotesia sesamiae (Braconidae).…”

Section: The Stem Borer Pests Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated pest management: the push–pull approach for controlling insect pests and weeds of cereals, and its potential for other agricultural systems including animal husbandry

Hassanali

Herren

Khan

et al. 2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

233

146

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This paper describes the 'push-pull' or 'stimulo-deterrent diversionary' strategy in relation to current and potential examples from our own experiences. The push-pull effect is established by exploiting semiochemicals to repel insect pests from the crop ('push') and to attract them into trap crops ('pull'). The systems exemplified here have been developed for subsistence farming in Africa and delivery of the semiochemicals is entirely by companion cropping, i.e. intercropping for the push and trap cropping for the pull. The main target was a series of lepidopterous pests attacking maize and other cereals. Although the area given to the cereal crop itself is reduced under the push-pull system, higher yields are produced per unit area. An important spin-off from the project is that the companion crops are valuable forage for farm animals. Leguminous intercrops also provide advantages with regard to plant nutrition and some of the trap crops help with water retention and in reducing land erosion. A major benefit is that certain intercrop plants provide dramatic control of the African witchweed (striga). Animal husbandry forms an essential part of intensive subsistence agriculture in Africa and developments using analogous push-pull control strategies for insect pests of cattle are exemplified.

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“…The release of volatiles is not necessarily very costly [5] and various plants constitutively release some of the compounds of interest. The nicest demonstration that constitutive emissions might benefit pest control comes from the successful so-called 'push-pull' studies by Kahn and colleagues [38]. These researchers planted the odorous grass Melinis minutiflora in African maize fields.…”

Section: Field Evidence That Exploitation Of Priming Could Actually Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting scents of distress: the prospect of manipulating herbivore-induced plant odours to enhance the control of agricultural pests

Turlings

Ton

2006

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

223

176

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In response to feeding by arthropods, plants actively and systemically emit various volatile substances. It has been proposed that these herbivore-induced volatiles (HIPVs) can be exploited in agricultural pest control because they might repel herbivores and because they serve as attractants for the enemies of the herbivores. Indeed, recent studies with transgenic plants confirm that odour emissions can be manipulated in order to enhance the plants' attractiveness to beneficial arthropods. An additional advantage of manipulating HIPV emissions could be their effects on neighbouring plants, as a rapidly increasing number of studies show that exposure to HIPVs primes plants for augmented defence expression. Targeting the right volatiles for enhanced emission should lead to ecologically and economically sound ways of combating important pests. IntroductionPlant defences against herbivores are not limited to physical and chemical barriers that directly aim to harm their attackers, it is becoming increasingly evident that plants also employ strategies of indirect defence. One form of indirect defence in plants is to attract predators and parasitoids by signalling the presence of potential prey or hosts. This attraction of the third trophic level is one of the presumed functions of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which are released more or less specifically in response to herbivore attack. The first evidence for tritrophic signalling [1,2] has generated a remarkable interest in this phenomenon from scientists from a broad range of disciplines. This interest has resulted in what can be considered the most interdisciplinary approach to any aspect of plant-arthropod interactions. A rapidly increasing number of behavioural, chemical and evolutionary ecologists, plant physiologists and crop scientists devote their research efforts to the understanding of the mechanisms, selective pressures and ecological consequences of the interactions. Moreover, there is increased interest in understanding the implications of induced plant signalling in the light of agricultural pest control, as has been outlined in previous reviews [3][4][5]. Here we focus, after a brief historical account, on the latest developments in this area. In addition, we address the recent studies that point to a priming effect in plants that are exposed to certain HIPVs, conferring an enhanced defensive capacity against future insect attack [6 ,7-11]. We conclude, with some reservations, that there is not only reason for optimism that manipulation of HIPVs emissions can indeed lead to enhanced repulsion of pests and attraction of their natural enemies but, moreover, that enhanced volatile information transfer between plants might, if exploited appropriately, improve the efficiency of the plant's direct and indirect defence strategies through priming [4,12]. Figures 1 and 2 summarize the various interactions in which HIPVs are implicated as we have studied them for maize plants. The role of HIPVs in indirect plant defencesPrice and colleagues [13] w...

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Intercropping increases parasitism of pests

Cited by 325 publications

References 1 publication

Crop Diversification Affects Biological Pest Control

Crop Diversification Affects Biological Pest Control

Integrated pest management: the push–pull approach for controlling insect pests and weeds of cereals, and its potential for other agricultural systems including animal husbandry

Exploiting scents of distress: the prospect of manipulating herbivore-induced plant odours to enhance the control of agricultural pests

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