Intercountry prevalences and practices of betel‐quid use in south, southeast and eastern asia regions and associated oral preneoplastic disorders: An international collaborative study by asian betel‐quid consortium of south and east Asia

Lee, Chien-Hung; Ko, Albert Min-Shan; Warnakulasuriya, Saman; Yin, Bin; Sunarjo,; Zain, Rosnah Binti; Ibrahim, Mohamed Yousif; Liu, Zhiwen; Li, Wenhui; Zhang, Shanshan; Kuntoro,; Utomo, Budi; Rajapakse, Palandage Sunethra; Warusavithana, Supun Amila; Razak, Ishak Abdul; Abdullah, Nurliza; Shrestha, Pragya; Kwan, Aij‐Lie; Shieh, Tien-Yu; Chen, Mu‐Kuan; Ko, Ying‐Chin

doi:10.1002/ijc.25809

Cited by 149 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…Another way is wrapping the areca nut and slaked lime in betel leaf with additions of tobacco and sweeteners or condiments. In contrast, among the Taiwanese the unripe areca nut is chewed together with slaked lime in which sometimes the betel leaf is added, however tobacco is never incorporated into the quid (Wen et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some populations, tobacco is also added to the quid. A recent study by the Asian Betel Quid Consortium of South and East Asia found that Nepal had the highest prevalence of betel quid chewing (with tobacco), with Indonesia being the second highest, while all chewers from Taiwan and Mainland China chewed betel quid without tobacco (Lee et al, 2011). In Indonesia, betel quid chewing is practiced for the most part in rural areas and it is historically practiced by elderly females as a way of showing appreciation when guests come visiting, or during festivities such as weddings and cultural events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tobacco (Kretek) Smoking, Betel Quid Chewing and Risk of Oral Cancer in a Selected Jakarta Population

Amtha

Razak²,

Basuki³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Purpose: This study aimed to determine the association between tobacco consumption (kretek) and betel quid chewing with oral cancer risk. Materials and Methods: A total of 81 cases of oral cancers were matched with 162 controls in this hospital-based study. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and details of risk habits (duration, frequency and type of tobacco consumption and betel quid chewing) were collected. Association between smoking and betel quid chewing with oral cancer were analysed using conditional logistic regression. Results: Slightly more than half of the cases (55.6%) were smokers where 88.9% of them smoked kretek. After adjusting for confounders, smokers have two fold increased risk, while the risk for kretek consumers and those smoking for more than 10 years was increased to almost three-fold. Prevalence of betel quid chewing among cases and controls was low (7.4% and 1.9% respectively). Chewing of at least one quid per day, and quid combination of betel leaf, areca nut, lime and tobacco conferred a 5-6 fold increased risk. Conclusions: Smoking is positively associated with oral cancer risk. A similar direct association was also seen among betel quid chewers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco (Kretek) Smoking, Betel Quid Chewing and Risk of Oral Cancer in a Selected Jakarta Population

Amtha

Razak²,

Basuki³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…3 However, it has been ranked as the fourth most popular substance of abuse in the world and it is estimated that about 600 million people worldwide chew areca nut. 4 In one of the studies, areca nut chewing was found to increase the risk of having obstructive coronary artery disease by 3.5-fold. 5 There has been a lot of debate on whether betel nut chewing can lead to development of cancers.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6,7 In another study higher prevalence of oral preneoplastic conditions like lichen planus, submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia were observed in betel nut chewers. 4 In addition, areca nut extract was also found to worsen the ethanol induced gastric ulcers and produce significant gastric mucosal damage in rats. 8 Thus, Areca catechu nut chewing may have beneficial or detrimental effects on health, thereby acting as the proverbial 'double-edged sword'.…”

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confidence: 99%

Areca catechu nut: a double-edged sword

Sharma

2017

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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The chewing of Areca catechu nut, more popularly known as betel nut, is one of the ancient traditions in India and other South-east Asian countries. Other than its role played in religious practices and cultural rituals, areca nut has also been described to have various health benefits, particularly antihelminthic and antiviral properties, in the traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda. It was observed to produce an antidepressant-like effect by elevating the serotonin and norepinephrine levels in hippocampus of rats. It also exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in mice, and displayed in vitro antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it was found to improve spatial memory and learning behaviour in rats.

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“…The betel quid in Taiwan is chewed without tobacco and often chewed with inflorescence of piper betel and lime, but most chewers have cigarette smoking habits. 9 In a meta-analysis of nine case-control studies, the pooled odds ratio (95% CI) of …”

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confidence: 99%

Lifetime risk of distinct upper aerodigestive tract cancers and consumption of alcohol, betel and cigarette

Hsu

Chien

Chiang

et al. 2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The cancer of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is a common cancers in the world. However, its lifetime risk by consumption of alcohol, betel and cigarettes remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to estimate lifetime risk of distinct UADT cancers and assess their associations with alcohol, betel and cigarette consumption. Three cohorts of 25,611 men were enrolled in 1982-1992 in Taiwan. The history of alcohol, betel and cigarette consumption was enquired through questionnaire interview. Newly developed UADT cancers were ascertained through computerized linkage with national cancer registry profile. Lifetime (30-80 years old) risk and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR adj ) of distinct UADT cancers by alcohol, betel and cigarette consumption were estimated. A total of 269 pathologically confirmed cases of UADT cancers were newly-diagnosed during 472,096 person-years of follow-up. The lifetime risk of UADT cancer was 9.42 and 1.65% for betel chewers and nonchewers, 3.22 and 1.21% for cigarette smokers and nonsmokers and 4.77 and 1.85% for alcohol drinkers and nondrinkers. The HR adj (95% confidence interval) of developing UADT cancer was 3.36 (2.51-4.49), 2.02 (1.43-2.84), 1.90 (1.46-2.49), respectively, for the consumption of betel, cigarette and alcohol. Alcohol, betel and cigarette had different effect on cancers at various anatomical sites of UADT. The cancer risk from the mouth, pharynx, esophagus to larynx increased for alcohol and cigarette consumption, but decreased for betel consumption. Alcohol, betel and cigarette consumption are independent risk predictors for distinct UADT cancers.The cancers of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) including the sites of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and larynx are common cancers among males in the world. Its incidence has declined recently in most countries including France, the United States and India.1,2 However, the annual age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus in Taiwanese males were 11.86, 4.71, 3.50 and 6.59 per 100,000, respectively, in 1995; and steadily increased to 25.28, 12.67, 3.65 and 11.94 per 100,000, respectively, in 2009. 3 Cancers of UADT have become an important public health issue in Taiwan in past decades.Numerous epidemiological evidences have shown that tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking are major risk factors for the development of UADT cancers, 4-6 which may explain 73% of UADT cancers in Europe. 7 In addition, large geographic variation in the incidence of UADT subsite cancers was observed in the world. This suggests other risk factors may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of UADT cancer as well. Betel nut/quid chewing is a common habit in Southeast Asia, and betel quid chewing prevalence is increasing in recent decades in Taiwan. 8 There is different ingredient of betel quid in Taiwan and other countries. The betel quid in Taiwan is chewed without tobacco and often chewed with inflorescence of piper betel and lime, but most chewers have cigarette smoking habits. 9 In a meta-...

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Intercountry prevalences and practices of betel‐quid use in south, southeast and eastern asia regions and associated oral preneoplastic disorders: An international collaborative study by asian betel‐quid consortium of south and east Asia

Cited by 149 publications

References 28 publications

Tobacco (Kretek) Smoking, Betel Quid Chewing and Risk of Oral Cancer in a Selected Jakarta Population

Tobacco (Kretek) Smoking, Betel Quid Chewing and Risk of Oral Cancer in a Selected Jakarta Population

Areca catechu nut: a double-edged sword

Lifetime risk of distinct upper aerodigestive tract cancers and consumption of alcohol, betel and cigarette

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