Intercontinental population structure of the chestnut blight fungus,<i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i>

Milgroom, Michael G.; Wang, Kerong; Zhou, Yang; Lipari, Susanne E.; Kaneko, Shigeru

doi:10.1080/00275514.1996.12026642

Cited by 103 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It may then be difficult to disentangle the effect of gene flow and of demographic non-equilibrium. For C. parasitica for instance, the chestnut blight disease introduced in USA during the 19 th century, genetic differentiation was different in populations for the native and introduced ranges sampled at a similar spatial scale (F ST = 0.11 vs 0.19 respectively; Milgroom et al, 1996). A similar trend for a higher genetic differentiation in the most recent introduced area was found for M. graminicola, an important wheat leaf pathogen (Zhan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Dispersal and Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In the few studies that have used this approach in pathogenic fungi, an isolation by distance pattern was generally detected at the intra-continental scale. This was the case for Plasmopara viticola in Europe (Gob-bin et al, 2006), C. parasitica in China, its native area (Milgroom et al, 1996), and Gibberella zeae, causing Fusarium head blight on wheat and barley in the USA (Zeller et al, 2004). At the global scale, some patterns of isolation were also detected, for example in M. graminicola (Linde et al, 2002) and in Rhynchosporium secalis (Zaffarano et al, 2006), causing a scald disease on various Poaceae species.…”

Section: Dispersal and Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Population genetics of fungal diseases of plants

et al. 2008

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Summary :Although parasitism is one of the most common lifestyles among eukaryotes, population genetics on parasites lag far behind those on free-living organisms. Yet, the advent of molecular markers offers great tools for studying important processes, such as dispersal, mating systems, adaptation to host and speciation. Here we highlight some studies that used molecular markers to address questions about the population genetics of fungal (including oomycetes) plant pathogens. We conclude that population genetics approaches have provided tremendous insights into the biology of a few fungal parasites and warrant more wide use in phytopathology. However, theoretical advances are badly needed to best apply the existing methods. Fungi are of prime interest not only because they are major parasites of plants and animals, but they also constitute tractable and highly useful models for understanding evolutionary processes. We hope that the emerging field of fungal evolution will attract more evolutionary biologists in the near future. (0)1 69 15 73 53. E-mail: Tatiana.Giraud@u-psud.fr genetics studies have also valuable practical applications, for instance for studying the evolution of drug resistance or new virulence. Another reason to study parasites is that they display a huge diversity of life cycles and lifestyles, thus providing great opportunity for comparative studies to test pathogen-specific questions or general issues about evolution. Nevertheless, the field of parasitology has yet to attract more evolutionary biologists. This is even truer for the field of phytopathology, despite the importance of crop diseases for human activities. Furthermore, there are few connections so far between scientists in the fields of parasitology and phytopathology despite their obvious common interests. Here we highlight some studies that used molecular markers to address questions about the population genetics of fungal plant pathogens, fungi being taken sensus lato, i.e. including oomycetes. We do not aim providing an exhaustive review, but instead we use selected examples, mainly from our own works, to illustrate peculiarities of the phytopathogenic lifestyle. We focus on the study of mating systems (i.e. selfing, outcrossing, clonality), between and within population dispersal and population structure due to host adaptation.

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Section: Dispersal and Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Dispersal and Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 97%

Population genetics of fungal diseases of plants

et al. 2008

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“…We have shown previously that these genetic markers are highly polymorphic in C. parnsitica (Milgroom et al 1992a and therefore can provide detailed resolution for analysing spatial genetic structure. Our objective was to test the null hypothesis that there is no spatial genetic structure within local populations of C. purasitica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial RFLP genotypes in populations of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica

Milgroom

Lipari

1995

Molecular Ecology

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Spatial structure of both nuclear and mitochondrial RFLPs were studied in several p o p ulations of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectnk purusiticu, using a variety of spatial autocorrelation tests designed to detect nonrandom patterns. Fungal individuals were sampled from cankers on infected chestnut trees, and the location of each tree was mapped. Single-locus nuclear RFLPs, nuclear fingerprints, and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were determined for each individual. Individuals with the same DNA fingerprint genotypes occurred closer together than would be expected at random in four of the five plots, while mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were aggregated in all five plots. Genetic distances between individuals, expressed as one minus the proportion of shared restriction fragment size classes for fingerprints and mitochondrial haplotypes, were significantly correlated with Euclidean distances between individuals in four of the five populations, but these correlations were very weak (r < 0.18). The same DNA fingerprint and single-copy nuclear RFLP alleles occurred on the same trees or immediately neighbouring trees more often than would be expected at random. Most of the aggregation for all three genetic markers occurred among individuals within the same cluster of chestnut stems or on neighbouring trees. Lack of spatial autocorrelation in one population was probably due to sampling on a larger scale that was too coarse to detect any patterns. Significant aggregation of genotypes in C. purusiticu is most likely caused by some degree of restricted dispersal within populations. The implications of restricted dispersal are discussed in relation to the breeding system and isolation by distance in populations of C. purasiticu.

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“…It seems probable that important northern hemisphere tree pathogens such as C. parasitica would exist as endophytes on trees in for example Asia where it is native (Milgroom et al 1992(Milgroom et al , 1996. Existence in this niche would then provide a very plausible means by which C. parasitica moved easily on rooted cuttings of the Fagaceae into Europe and North America in the early 1900's.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Cryphonectriaceae on native Myrtales: Possible origin of Chrysoporthe canker on plantation-grown Eucalyptus

Maússe-Sitoe

Rodas²,

Wingfield

et al. 2016

Fungal Biology

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Chrysoporthe austroafricana (Cryphonectriaceae) is a damaging canker pathogen onEucalyptus species in Southern Africa. Recent studies have shown that the fungus occurs on native Syzygium species and that it has apparently undergone a host range expansion from these native trees to infect non-native Eucalyptus. The aim of this study was to consider whether C. austroafricana and other Cryphonectriaceae might exist as endophytes in native Myrtaceae, providing a source of inoculum to infect non-native Myrtales. Healthy branches were collected from Myrtaceae in 1 Mozambique, incubated in florist foam, allowed to dry gradually and monitored for the appearance of fruiting bodies resembling species in the Cryphonectriaceae.Isolates were identified based on DNA sequence data. Two species in the Cryphonectriaceae were obtained, representing the first evidence that species in the Cryphonectriaceae occur as endophytes on native Myrtales, thus providing a source of inoculum to infect non-native and susceptible trees. This has important implications regarding the movement of planting stock used by ornamental tree and forestry enterprises.

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Intercontinental population structure of the chestnut blight fungus,Cryphonectria parasitica

Cited by 103 publications

References 20 publications

Population genetics of fungal diseases of plants

Population genetics of fungal diseases of plants

Spatial analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial RFLP genotypes in populations of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica

Endophytic Cryphonectriaceae on native Myrtales: Possible origin of Chrysoporthe canker on plantation-grown Eucalyptus

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