“…Increasing the high rate to 10 mA cm –2 , the Li||V 2 CT x -Cu half-cell still exhibits a CE of 96.9% after 250 cycles (Figure f), indicating the greatly improved Li-ion transport kinetics with the assistance of the V 2 CT x artificial SEI. The CE of Li||V 2 CT x -Cu has surpassed most of the previously reported LMAs in comprehensive consideration of cumulative capacity and current density (Figure g). ,,,,− ,− ,,,− ,,,, Here, the cumulative capacity is the total capacity of Li deposited on each cycle before cell failure or sharply decreased CE of cells . Instead of a comparison of cycle number, cumulative capacity is an aggregative indicator including both capacity and cycle life, better reflecting the superiority of various methods for the LMAs.…”