Interconnected Micro, Meso, and Macro Porous Activated Carbon from Bacterial Nanocellulose for Superior Adsorption Properties and Effective Catalytic Performance

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has received attention in research because of its unique characteristics. Especially, it has emerged as a very promising and versatile candidate for biomedical applications. In this study, it was aimed to boost some structural and biological properties of BC by crosslinking, which play important role in medical field. Synthesized, purified, and neutralized BC pellicles were cross-linked (X-linked) in different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 wt/vol%) with citric acid/sodium hypophosphite. Formation of X-Links confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared. Obtained spectrums showed that the density of X-links would raise up to a limit with increasing the concentration of citric acid. X-ray diffraction data analysis of samples showed a decline in crystallinity of samples with increasing the intensity of X-linking treatment. Scanning electron microscope images and MTT assay confirmed the better cell adhesion, viability and proliferation for X-linked samples and no toxicity was observed for all samples including (non-X-linked and X-linked). It was concluded that some important structural and biological properties of BC (which were very critical for biomedical applications) were related mutually and could be modified with X-linking treatment simultaneously.

show abstract

“…These results have high coloration with the other researches on porosity, wettability, and density. 28,35,54 F…”

Section: Wettabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving some structural and biological characteristics of bacterial cellulose by cross‐linking

Geravand

Khajavi

Rahimi

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To be able to use activated carbon in the separation processes more widely and more efficiently, it is necessary to develop a process of activated carbon synthesis that can control proportionally the amounts of micropores and mesopores. The control of mesopores in activated carbon is mostly achieved through chemical activation, which consists of several methods such as a one-step chemical activation [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], a two-step chemical activation [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], a hydrothermal pretreatment followed by a simple chemical activation [ 17 , 18 ], and chemical activation with dual activation agents [ 19 ]. Furthermore, the combined chemical and physical activation has also been used to control the amount of mesopores in activated carbon [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach for Controlling Mesoporosity in Activated Carbon by the Consecutive Process of Air Oxidation, Thermal Destruction of Surface Functional Groups, and Carbon Activation (the OTA Method)

Lawtae

Tangsathitkulchai

2021

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new and simple method, based entirely on a physical approach, was proposed to produce activated carbon from longan fruit seed with controlled mesoporosity. This method, referred to as the OTA, consisted of three consecutive steps of (1) air oxidation of initial microporous activated carbon of about 30% char burn-off to introduce oxygen surface functional groups, (2) the thermal destruction of the functional groups by heating the oxidized carbon in a nitrogen atmosphere at a high temperature to increase the surface reactivity due to increased surface defects by bond disruption, and (3) the final reactivation of the resulting carbon in carbon dioxide. The formation of mesopores was achieved through the enlargement of the original micropores after heat treatment via the CO2 gasification, and at the same time new micropores were also produced, resulting in a larger increase in the percentage of mesopore volume and the total specific surface area, in comparison with the production of activated carbon by the conventional two-step activation method using the same activation time and temperature. For the activation temperatures of 850 and 900 °C and the activation time of up to 240 min, it was found that the porous properties of activated carbon increased with the increase in activation time and temperature for both preparation methods. A maximum volume of mesopores of 0.474 cm3/g, which accounts for 44.1% of the total pore volume, and a maximum BET surface area of 1773 m2/g was achieved using three cycles of the OTA method at the activation temperature of 850 °C and 60 min activation time for each preparation cycle. The two-step activation method yielded activated carbon with a maximum mesopore volume of 0.270 cm3/g (33.0% of total pore volume) and surface area of 1499 m2/g when the activation temperature of 900 °C and a comparable activation time of 240 min were employed. Production of activated carbon by the OTA method is superior to the two-step activation method for better and more precise control of mesopore development.

show abstract

“…For all these types of applications, the peculiarities of the interaction between the “matrix” and the “guest” and the processes taking place at their interface are the keys for obtaining and predicting the new properties and synergistic effects in such materials. In this case, at different hierarchical levels of pores, different effects can emerge and, so, different levels of pores can provide different functions [ 1 , 2 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The formation of porous fractal multicomponent systems with topology close to the infinitely coupled triply periodic minimal surfaces was sintered by sol-gel method [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, at different hierarchical levels of pores, different effects can emerge and, so, different levels of pores can provide different functions [ 1 , 2 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The formation of porous fractal multicomponent systems with topology close to the infinitely coupled triply periodic minimal surfaces was sintered by sol-gel method [ 34 ]. In [ 36 ], a micro-meso-macroporous carbon material was obtained and activated by bacterial cellulose, with an open interconnected pore system and a specific surface area of 833 m 2 /g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Frequency Dielectric Relaxation in Structures Based on Macroporous Silicon with Meso-Macroporous Skin-Layer

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spectra of dielectric relaxation of macroporous silicon with a mesoporous skin layer in the frequency range 1–106 Hz during cooling (up to 293–173 K) and heating (293–333 K) are presented. Macroporous silicon (pore diameter ≈ 2.2–2.7 μm) with a meso-macroporous skin layer was obtained by the method of electrochemical anodic dissolution of monocrystalline silicon in a Unno-Imai cell. A mesoporous skin layer with a thickness of about 100–200 nm in the form of cone-shaped nanostructures with pore diameters near 13–25 nm and sizes of skeletal part about 35–40 nm by ion-electron microscopy was observed. The temperature dependence of the relaxation of the most probable relaxation time is characterized by two linear sections with different slope values; the change in the slope character is observed at T ≈ 250 K. The features of the distribution of relaxation times in meso-macroporous silicon at temperatures of 223, 273, and 293 K are revealed. The Havriliak-Negami approach was used for approximation of the relaxation curves ε″ = f(ν). The existence of a symmetric distribution of relaxers for all temperatures was found (Cole-Cole model). A discussion of results is provided, taking into account the structure of the studied object.

show abstract

Interconnected Micro, Meso, and Macro Porous Activated Carbon from Bacterial Nanocellulose for Superior Adsorption Properties and Effective Catalytic Performance

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Improving some structural and biological characteristics of bacterial cellulose by cross‐linking

Improving some structural and biological characteristics of bacterial cellulose by cross‐linking

A New Approach for Controlling Mesoporosity in Activated Carbon by the Consecutive Process of Air Oxidation, Thermal Destruction of Surface Functional Groups, and Carbon Activation (the OTA Method)

Low-Frequency Dielectric Relaxation in Structures Based on Macroporous Silicon with Meso-Macroporous Skin-Layer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About