Intercondylar Shelf Angle: A New Method to Determine Race from the Distal Femur

Craig, Emily

doi:10.1520/jfs15383j

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Some studies have demonstrated that there are no gender-related differences in NWI, 14 whereas other studies have shown that there is a difference between male and female subjects. 15,16 The reason for the increased injury rate in women remains unclear; it is probably caused by a complex interplay between multiple variables. 17 Other studies suggest that the NWI and other morphologic parameters of the osseous intercondylar fossa may not be critical etiologic factors in the patient with a unilateral or bilateral ACL tear.…”

Section: Used Measurements Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

The female ACL: why is it more prone to injury?

Ireland

2002

Orthopedic Clinics of North America

264

193

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EditorialThe female ACL: Why is it more prone to injury?Female athletes tear their anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) at an alarmingly higher rate in certain sports including basketball, team handball, and soccer. The participation in sports by girls has increased dramatically, in recent times.1 The rapidly increasing numbers of females participating impacts the number of injuries. However, the rates of ACL injuries in comparable sports of basketball and soccer have remained alarmingly high with change in male-to-female ratios over the last 10 years. 2 The incidence of female to male is 3.5 times greater in basketball and 2.8 times greater in soccer. 3 The typical mechanism of injury is a rapid but awkward stop and anticipation of lateral movements. 4 The ACL tears in 70 ms.Dynamic movement patterns are very important factors contributing to ACL injury. 5 The extrinsic or changeable factors are controlled by the player and coaches. The intrinsic differences between male and female athletes that would explain why women tear the ACL two to eight times more frequently than men.

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Section: Used Measurements Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

The female ACL: why is it more prone to injury?

Ireland

2002

Orthopedic Clinics of North America

264

193

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“…2). This angle shows a relatively consistent and statistically significant difference between American whites and blacks (Craig, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…This difference was shown to affect the intercondylar shelf angle in such a way that the more acute the angle was, the higher the notch, whereas a more obtuse angle indicated a lower notch (Craig, 1995). These investigators have further demonstrated that this angle exhibits racial variation, and hence its importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Different methods exist for analyzing and describing human variation, but few of these utilize the femur to differentiate race (Stewart, 1962;Lavelle, 1973;Farrally and Moore, 1975;Gilbert, 1976;Craig, 1995). Still fewer methods use metric analysis of the intercondylar notch to distinguish race (Baker et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the method is noninvasive, and can be applied to both skeletal material and to femora with intact soft tissue. The angle can be measured in fragmented femora, and only a single measurement is necessary (Craig, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercondylar shelf angle in adult black Malawian subjects

Igbigbi¹,

Msamati²,

Ng'Ambi³

2001

Clinical Anatomy

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In this study, we determined the intercondylar shelf angle of the femur in adult black Malawian subjects as measured in lateral radiographs of the knee joint. A total of 856 radiographs were used: 464 from men and 392 from women, aged 18-70 years. A goniometer measured the intercondylar shelf angle at the intersection between Blumensaat's line and a line drawn along the edge of the distal third of the femur parallel to the posterior cortex of the bone. The mean intercondylar shelf angle of 136.60 degrees +/- 5.90 degrees in Malawians of both sexes was significantly different from 142.57 degrees +/- 5.86 degrees for American subjects (P < 0.001), as given by Craig (1995, J. Forensic Sci. 40:777-782), but the level of statistical significance between black Malawian females and black American females was at P < 0.01. Using the intercondylar shelf angle, 66.67% of male Malawians were correctly identified as such and 50.00% of Malawians females as such. Eighty-three percent of males and 81.30% of females were correctly identified as blacks. This angle has been shown to exhibit sexual dimorphism in Malawian subjects. Its importance in forensic anthropology is stressed.

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Stature Estimation

2005

Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology

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go/ permission. that "No matter what accomplishments you make, somebody helps you." Somebodies, actually.First and foremost is my colleague Eugene Giles who has, at numerous and various times, acted as sounding board, source man, and diplomatic critic-all with his usual aplomb and attention to detail. Matt Cartmill and Kaye Brown, series editors, were a source of advice and encouragement. Steve Holland's experience in graphics production and publishing was very helpful in getting figures modified and into the proper format.Several members of the medical-legal community and law enforcement professionals have served as examples of the highest integrity and work ethics in death investigation and tempered my too frequent tendency to cynicism. They are proof that we can and do make a difference. You know who you are. Many thanks. xi SERIES INTRODUCTIONThe core focus of physical anthropology as a discipline is the biology of human beings in a cultural context. The subfield of forensic anthropology adapts this focus to the special job of identifying unknown remains and seeking and interpreting any evidence relating to the death that the remains may hold. We believe that Linda Klepinger's book will become the classic text in this subfield. Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology embodies a genuine scientific passion for the subject matter, communicated not only through the author's unique critical and evaluative approach to the tools and techniques used in forensic investigations but also through her craft and artistry as a writer.Forensic anthropologists need to know a great deal about human osteology, skeletal biology, dental anthropology, taphonomy, archeology, genomics, and scientific inquiry in general. Fortunately for us, Klepinger knows all this and more. Best of all, she has the rare gift of being able to take others along with her for an eye-popping ride without demanding that they be similarly knowledgeable. In a prose style both engaging and straightforward, she unveils the history, limitations, accuracies, imprecisions, and future of forensic anthropology. Her book will lead its readers to ask all manner of related questions regarding the science behind forensic techniques, because it will teach them not how to do forensic science but how to think about doing it. This, we believe, is the essence of a classic text.In this book, professional forensic anthropologists will find guides to help them in estimating from unknown remains an individual's probable age, sex, race and stature. Novices will learn to understand-and question-the xiii science behind such estimates. And everybody who reads this book will discover how much they care about this field, and how important it is that it be done with both authority and honesty. This reflects the field's social significance as well as its intrinsic scientific interest; but most of all, it reflects Klepinger's consummate skill in telling the story of her discipline.Forensics should be an objective scientific inquiry, not a body of opinion in service to a particular employ...

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Intercondylar Shelf Angle: A New Method to Determine Race from the Distal Femur

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

The female ACL: why is it more prone to injury?

The female ACL: why is it more prone to injury?

Intercondylar shelf angle in adult black Malawian subjects

Stature Estimation

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