Intercompartmental differences between cytosol and mitochondria in their respective antioxidative responses and lipid peroxidation levels in acid rain stress

Abstract

Relatively little is known about the direct influence of acid rain (AR) on pro-and antioxidative changes in plant cells. Intercompartmental differences between cytosol and mitochondria have not been studied before. Aboveground parts of plants were treated with different pH variants of AR and oxidative damages (lipid peroxidation) as well as antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APx; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions were examined. The character of changes in antioxidative enzyme activities and of oxidative damages was closely connected with the cell compartment as well as with pH and time after treatment. The activity of both APx and GSH-Px increased more intensively in cytosol. Contrastingly, strong induction of lipid peroxide formation was observed in the mitochondrial fraction. In both cell compartments SOD activity did not change significantly. The results suggest that cucumber mitochondria are more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by AR than cytosol. Antioxidative defence of cytosol appeared to provide sufficient protection against the oxidative stress imposed by AR.

Lipid metabolism and oxidation in plants subjected to abiotic stresses

“…The status of membrane lipids can be perturbed by abiotic stressors, such as excess UV radiation, temperature extremes, nutrient deficiency and pollution of soil and air (Gill & Tuteja, 2010;Li et al, 2012;Szarka et al, 2012, and references within;Takshak & Agrawal, 2014;Tripathi et al, 2011;Wyrwicka & Skłodowska, 2014;Yan et al, 2010). The contribution of membrane lipids in protecting the photosynthetic machinery from photoinhibition during cold stress has been intensively discussed for many years (Nishida & Murata, 1996) and recently confirmed by Karabudak et al (2014).…”

Resolvin D1 reduces mitochondrial damage to photoreceptors of primary retinal cells exposed to high glucose

“…Cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions were isolated by using the Qproteome™ Mitochondria Isolation kit (Cat # 37612; Qiagen), following the protocol “Isolation of Mitochondria from Eukaryotic Cell Lysates” according to the manufacturer's instructions. To evidence mitochondria contaminations with other organelles, fumarase (fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial; Cat# ARG82158; Arigo, Taiwan, ROC) and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, Cat# ab102529; Abcam) activities were determined with colorimetric assay kits, according to Wyrwicka and Skłodowska (). A mitochondrial pellet was rinsed with PBS and resuspended in buffer containing protease inhibitors, while cytosolic proteins were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C.…”

The Different Physiological and Antioxidative Responses of Zucchini and Cucumber to Sewage Sludge Application

“…Many worldwide studies report that abiotic stresses, such as the presence in soil of inorganic compounds, such as heavy metals [ 35 ], or organic compounds, such as PCBs and PCDD/F [ 5 ], or the presence of osmotic stress [ 36 ], UV radiation [ 37 ] and acid rain [ 38 – 40 ] are the main causes of secondary oxidative stress [ 41 ]. This phenomenon, occurring in plant tissues, is characterized with overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) such as superoxide anions (O 2 -· ), hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and peroxyl radicals (ROO·), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ).…”