Intercomparison study of atmospheric mercury models: 2. Modelling results vs. long-term observations and comparison of country deposition budgets

Ryaboshapko, A. G.; Bullock, O. Russell; Christensen, J. H.; Cohen, Mark; Dastoor, Ashu; Ilyin, Ilia; Petersen, G.; Syrakov, Dimiter; Travnikov, Oleg; Artz, Richard S.; Davignon, Didier; Draxler, Roland R.; Munthe, John; Pacyna, Józef M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.071

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ryaboshapko et al, 2007). Comparing modelled and observed values of TGM concentrations, the ratio of annual model-observation pairs is within 30 % in almost all stations for the BASE, ANTSPEC, BASE C , ANTSPEC C and BASE2 experiments, while an obvious underestimation occurs in NOANT experiment (Fig.…”

Section: Modelled and Observed Hg Species Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…To date only a limited number of model-to-model intercomparisons have been carried out (for the US: Bullock et al, 2008Bullock et al, , 2009Zhang et al, 2012;for Europe: Ryaboshapko et al, 2007; for global models: Travnikov et al, 2010Travnikov et al, , 2016AMAP/UNEP, 2013), where it was found that are often significant differences in Hg concentrations and deposition estimated by different models. Previous European studies (Ryaboshapko et al, 2007) performed a model intercomparison for the year 1999, using eight different models and data from 11 measurement stations with the aim to characterise the ability of CTMs to predict atmospheric Hg concentration and deposition fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity model study of regional mercury dispersion in the atmosphere

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Atmospheric deposition is the most important pathway by which Hg reaches marine ecosystems, where it can be methylated and enter the base of food chain. The deposition, transport and chemical interactions of atmospheric Hg have been simulated over Europe for the year 2013 in the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, performing 14 different model sensitivity tests using two high-resolution three-dimensional chemical transport models (CTMs), varying the anthropogenic emission datasets, atmospheric Br input fields, Hg oxidation schemes and modelling domain boundary condition input. Sensitivity simulation results were compared with observations from 28 monitoring sites in Europe to assess model performance and particularly to analyse the influence of anthropogenic emission speciation and the Hg 0 (g) atmospheric oxidation mechanism. The contribution of anthropogenic Hg emissions, their speciation and vertical distribution are crucial to the simulated concentration and deposition fields, as is also the choice of Hg 0 (g) oxidation pathway. The areas most sensitive to changes in Hg emission speciation and the emission vertical distribution are those near major sources, but also the Aegean and the Black seas, the English Channel, the Skagerrak Strait and the northern German coast. Considerable influence was found also evident over the Mediterranean, the North Sea and Baltic Sea and some influence is seen over continental Europe, while this difference is least over the north-western part of the modelling domain, which includes the Norwegian Sea and Iceland. The Br oxidation pathway produces more Hg II (g) in the lower model levels, but overall wet deposition is lower in comparison to the simulations which employ an O 3 / OH oxidation mechanism. The necessity to perform continuous measurements of speciated Hg and to investigate the local impacts of Hg emissions and deposition, as well as interactions dependent on land use and vegetation, forests, peat bogs, etc., is highlighted in this study.

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Section: Modelled and Observed Hg Species Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity model study of regional mercury dispersion in the atmosphere

et al. 2017

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“…In past studies, concentrations of atmospheric mercury simulated by GRAHM have been verified against observations (Ryaboshapko et al, 2007a(Ryaboshapko et al, , 2007bDastoor et al, 2008;Durnford et al, 2010Durnford et al, , 2012. Concentrations estimated by GRAHM are within a factor of two of the observed concentrations.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 56%

How relevant is the deposition of mercury onto snowpacks? – Part 1: A statistical study on the impact of environmental factors

Durnford¹,

Dastoor

Steen

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A portion of the highly toxic methylmercury that bioaccumulates in aquatic life is created from mercury entering bodies of water with snowpack meltwater. To determine the importance of meltwater as a source of aquatic mercury, it is necessary to understand the environmental processes that govern the behavior of snowpack-related mercury. In this study we investigate relationships among 5 types of snowpack-related mercury observations and 20 model environmental variables. The observation types are the 24-h fractional loss of mercury from surface snow, and the concentrations of mercury in surface snow, seasonal snowpacks, the snowpack meltwater's ionic pulse, and long-term snowpackrelated records. The model environmental variables include those related to atmospheric mercury, insolation, wind, atmospheric stability, snowpack physical characteristics, atmospheric pressure, and solid precipitation. Bivariate and multiple linear regressions were performed twice for each mercury observation type: once with all observations, and once excluding observations from locations where the snowpack's burden of oxidizing and stabilizing halogens is known or presumed to affect snowpack mercury. Since no observations from long-term snowpack-related records were considered affected by halogens, this group of observations was included with the sets of uninfluenced observations and was not discussed with the complete, original sets of observations. When all observations are included, only 37 % of their variability can be explained, on average, with significance confidence levels averaging 81 %; a separate regression model predicts each mercury observation type. Without the influence of halogens, the regression models are able to explain an average of 79 % of the observations' variability with significance confidence levels averaging 97 %. The snowpackrelated mercury observations are most strongly controlled by the dry and wet depositions of oxidized mercury, and by precipitation. Mercury deposited through wet processes is more strongly retained by snowpacks than mercury deposited through dry processes. Revolatilization of mercury deposited through wet processes may be inhibited through burial by fresh snowfalls and/or by its more central location, compared to that of mercury deposited through dry deposition, within snowpack snow grains. The two depositions of oxidized mercury together explain 84 % of the variability in observed concentrations of mercury in surface snow, 52 % of the variability of observed concentrations of mercury in seasonal snowpacks and their meltwater's ionic pulse, and only 20 % of the variability of observed concentrations of mercury in long-term snowpack-related records; other environmental controls seemingly gain in relevance as time passes. The concentration of mercury in long-term records is apparently primarily affected by latitude; both the primary sources

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“…Recently global models have begun to be coupled with ocean models to better understand air/sea interactions in the global Hg atmospheric cycle. Regional modelling of Hg emission, transport and chemistry has been the subject of a number of review articles over the last few years [170,[173][174][175][176], and although they have improved over the years they suffer form limitations in the representation of atmospheric Hg chemistry, and are plagued by the fact that they are very susceptible to the boundary conditions which are employed. Pongprueksa et al, [170] demonstrated with the CMAQ-Hg model, that the response of the modelled Hg concentration and deposition to changes in the boundary conditions used was nearly linear (r 2 = 0.99) with a 1 ng m −3 increase in BC Hg(0) concentration producing an increase of 0.81 ng m −3 in the average model Hg(0) concentration.…”

Section: Atmospheric Mercury Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of major processes and mechanisms affecting the mercury cycle on different spatial and temporal scales

Pirrone

Hedgecock

Cinnirella

et al. 2010

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Mercury emissions to the atmosphere and its transport, transformation and deposition to and re-emission from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems on hemispherical and global scales has received increasing attention from both the scientific and the regulatory communities during the last twenty years. It is well known that the atmosphere is the major transport media through which mercury is redistributed on global scale once it is released from point and diffuse emission sources. A substantial amount of research has been carried out worldwide aiming to assess the relationships between emissions from natural vs. anthropogenic sources, inter-hemispherical atmospheric transport patterns, and atmospheric deposition to and re-emission from oceans, its bioaccumulation in fish, and evaluation of policy strategies to reduce the impact of mercury emissions on human health and ecosystems. This chapter provides a highlight of key aspects related to mercury contamination, including: a) major processes affecting the mercury cycle between the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, b) mercury emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources, c) spatial and temporal distributions and trends of mercury species over the northern and southern hemispheres, d) the chemical and physical processes affecting the transport and fate of atmospheric mercury, and e)major policy frameworks aiming to control the impact of mercury on human health and ecosystems.

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Intercomparison study of atmospheric mercury models: 2. Modelling results vs. long-term observations and comparison of country deposition budgets

Cited by 54 publications

References 32 publications

Sensitivity model study of regional mercury dispersion in the atmosphere

Sensitivity model study of regional mercury dispersion in the atmosphere

How relevant is the deposition of mercury onto snowpacks? – Part 1: A statistical study on the impact of environmental factors

Overview of major processes and mechanisms affecting the mercury cycle on different spatial and temporal scales

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