Intercomparison of three microwave/infrared high resolution line-by-line radiative transfer codes

Schreier, Franz; García, Sebastián Gimeno; Milz, M.; Kottayil, Ajil; Höpfner, Michael; Clarmann, T. von; Stiller, G. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.02.032

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Software: GARLIC (Schreier et al 2014, 2018a, HI-TRAN2016 (Gordon et al 2017) , MPI Mainz Spectral Atlas (Keller-Rudek et al 2013)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For spectral analysis we supply output (p, T, composition) from the coupled model suite as input into the "Generic Atmospheric Radiation Line-by-line Infra-red Code" (GARLIC) (e.g. Schreier et al 2014Schreier et al , 2018a using HITRAN 2016 (Gordon et al 2017), CKD continua derived from Clough et al (1989), visible and near infra-red (IR) cross sections from the Mainz Spectral Atlas (Keller-Rudek et al 2013), and Rayleigh scattering parameterization from Sneep & Ubachs (2005), Marcq et al (2011) and Murphy (1977).…”

Section: Spectral Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proxima Centauri b: A Strong Case for Including Cosmic-Ray-induced Chemistry in Atmospheric Biosignature Studies

Scheucher

Herbst

Schmidt

et al. 2020

ApJ

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Due to its Earth-like minimum mass of 1.27 M E and its close proximity to our Solar system, Proxima Centauri b is one of the most interesting exoplanets for habitability studies. Its host star, Proxima Centauri, is however a strongly flaring star, which is expected to provide a very hostile environment for potentially habitable planets. We perform a habitability study of Proxima Centauri b assuming an Earth-like atmosphere under high stellar particle bombardment, with a focus on spectral transmission features. We employ our extensive model suite calculating energy spectra of stellar particles, their journey through the planetary magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere, ultimately providing planetary climate and spectral characteristics, as outlined in Herbst et al. (2019b). Our results suggest that together with the incident stellar energy flux, high particle influxes can lead to efficient heating of the planet well into temperate climates, by limiting CH 4 amounts, which would otherwise run into anti-greenhouse for such planets around M-stars. We identify some key spectral features relevant for future spectral observations: First, NO 2 becomes the major absorber in the visible, which greatly impacts the Rayleigh slope. Second, H 2 O features can be masked by CH 4 (near infra-red) and CO 2 (mid to far infra-red), making them non-detectable in transmission. Third, O 3 is destroyed and instead HNO 3 features become clearly visible in the mid to far infra-red. Lastly, assuming a few percent of CO 2 in the atmosphere, CO 2 absorption at 5.3 µm becomes significant (for flare and non-flare cases), strongly overlapping with a flare related NO feature in Earth's atmosphere.

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“…Software: GARLIC (Schreier et al 2014, 2018a, HI-TRAN2016 (Gordon et al 2017) , MPI Mainz Spectral Atlas (Keller-Rudek et al 2013)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spectral Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proxima Centauri b: A Strong Case for Including Cosmic-Ray-induced Chemistry in Atmospheric Biosignature Studies

Scheucher

Herbst

Schmidt

et al. 2020

ApJ

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“…transmission spectra (T (λ)) are calculated using the "Generic Atmospheric Radiation Line-by-line Infrared Code" GARLIC (Schreier et al 2014) that has been extensively verified (e.g. Schreier et al 2018a) and validated (Schreier et al 2018b), a FORTRAN90 version of MIRART/SQUIRRL (see e.g. von Clarmann et al (2003); Melsheimer et al (2005)) used by (e.g.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into Cosmic-Ray-induced Biosignature Chemistry in Earth-like Atmospheres

Scheucher

Grenfell

Wunderlich

et al. 2018

ApJ

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With the recent discoveries of terrestrial planets around active M-dwarfs, destruction processes masking the possible presence of life are receiving increased attention in the exoplanet community. We investigate potential biosignatures of planets having Earth-like (N 2 -O 2 ) atmospheres orbiting in the habitable zone of the M-dwarf star AD Leo. These are bombarded by high energetic particles which can create showers of secondary particles at the surface. We apply our cloud-free 1D climate-chemistry model to study the influence of key particle shower parameters and chemical efficiencies of NOx and HOx production from cosmic rays. We determine the effect of stellar radiation and cosmic rays upon atmospheric composition, temperature, and spectral appearance. Despite strong stratospheric O 3 destruction by cosmic rays, smog O 3 can significantly build up in the lower atmosphere of our modeled planet around AD Leo related to low stellar UVB. N 2 O abundances decrease with increasing flaring energies but a sink reaction for N 2 O with excited oxygen becomes weaker, stabilizing its abundance. CH 4 is removed mainly by Cl in the upper atmosphere for strong flaring cases and not via hydroxyl as is otherwise usually the case. Cosmic rays weaken the role of CH 4 in heating the middle atmosphere so that H 2 O absorption becomes more important. We additionally underline the importance of HNO 3 as a possible marker for strong stellar particle showers. In a nutshell, uncertainty in NOx and HOx production from cosmic rays significantly influences biosignature abundances and spectral appearance.

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“…For verification, GARLIC has contributed to several intercomparison studies [e.g. [48][49][50]. For validation, modeled spectra have been successfully compared with limb thermal emission spectra observed by the MIPAS instrument aboard ENVISAT [51] and with Venus observations [35,52].…”

Section: Garlicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission spectroscopy with the ACE-FTS infrared spectral atlas of Earth: A model validation and feasibility study

Schreier

Städt

Hedelt

et al. 2018

Molecular Astrophysics

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Infrared solar occultation measurements are well established for remote sensing of Earth's atmosphere, and the corresponding primary transit spectroscopy has turned out to be valuable for characterization of extrasolar planets. Our objective is an assessment of the detectability of molecular signatures in Earth's transit spectra.To this end, we take a limb sequence of representative cloud-free transmission spectra recorded by the space-borne ACE-FTS Earth observation mission (Hughes et al., ACE infrared spectral atlases of the Earth's atmosphere, JQSRT 2014) and combine these spectra to the effective height of the atmosphere. These data are compared to spectra modeled with an atmospheric radiative transfer line-by-line infrared code to study the impact of individual molecules, spectral resolution, the choice of auxiliary data, and numerical approximations. Moreover, the study serves as a validation of our infrared radiative transfer code.The largest impact is due to water, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, nitrogen, nitric acid, oxygen, and some chlorofluorocarbons (CFC11 and CFC12). The effect of further molecules considered in the modeling is either marginal or absent. The best matching model has a mean residuum of 0.4 km and a maximum difference of 2 km to the measured effective height. For a quantitative estimate of visibility and detectability we consider the maximum change of the residual spectrum, the relative change of the residual norm, the additional transit depth, and signal-to-noise ratios for a JWST setup. In conclusion, our study provides a list of molecules that are relevant for modeling transmission spectra of Earth-like exoplanets and discusses the feasibility of retrieval.

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Intercomparison of three microwave/infrared high resolution line-by-line radiative transfer codes

Cited by 24 publications

References 67 publications

Proxima Centauri b: A Strong Case for Including Cosmic-Ray-induced Chemistry in Atmospheric Biosignature Studies

Proxima Centauri b: A Strong Case for Including Cosmic-Ray-induced Chemistry in Atmospheric Biosignature Studies

New Insights into Cosmic-Ray-induced Biosignature Chemistry in Earth-like Atmospheres

Transmission spectroscopy with the ACE-FTS infrared spectral atlas of Earth: A model validation and feasibility study

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