Intercomparison of MODIS and VIIRS Fire Products in Khanty-Mansiysk Russia: Implications for Characterizing Gas Flaring from Space

Sharma, Ambrish; Wang, Jun; Lennartson, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.3390/atmos8060095

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Additionally, both MODIS and VIIRS active fire products filter out pixels contaminated with partial cloud cover, water, and invalid data, using the multi-spectral data [48]. Depending on the fire conditions and satellites` overpassing time, the significant omission error can be caused by heavy cloud and/or smoke cover, dense tree canopy areas, as well as during fires with rapid spread or low intensity flames [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-Based Fire Progression Mapping: A Comprehensive Assessment for Large Fires in Northern California

Scaduto

Чэн

Jin

2020

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Satellite-based active fire (AF) products provide opportunities for constructing continuous fire progression maps, a critical data set needed for improved fire behavior modelling and fire management. This study aims to investigate the geospatial interpolation techniques in mapping daily fire progression and assess the accuracy of the derived maps from multi-sensor active fire products. We focused on 42 large wildfires greater than 5000 acres in Northern California from 2017 to 2018, where the USDA Forest Service National Infrared Operations (NIROPS) daily fire perimeters were available for comparison. The standard active fire products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and the combined products were used as inputs. We found that the estimated fire progression areas generated by the natural neighbor method with the combined MODIS and VIIRS active fire input layers performed the best, with R 2 of 0.7 ± 0.31 and RMSE of 1.25 ± 1.21 (10 3 acres) at a daily time scale; the accuracy was higher when assessed at a two day rolling window, e.g., R 2 of 0.83 ± 0.20 and RMSE of 0.74 ± 0.94 (10 3 acres). Relatively higher spatial accuracy was found using the 375m VIIRS active fire product as inputs, with a kappa score of 0.55 and an overall accuracy score of 0.59, when interpolated with the natural neighbor method. Furthermore, locational pixel-based comparison showed 61% matched to a single day, and an additional 25% explained within ±1 day of the estimation, revealing greater confidence in fire progression estimation at a 2-day moving time interval. This study demonstrated the efficacy and potential improvements of daily fire progression mapping at local and regional scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-Based Fire Progression Mapping: A Comprehensive Assessment for Large Fires in Northern California

Scaduto

Чэн

Jin

2020

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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“…Inclusion of the SWIR bands gives VNF an improved ability to detect gas flares [29], which are about twice as hot as biomass burning [13]. Gas flares burn at near 1800 K, which places their peak radiant emission near the central wavelength of the M10 spectral band which can detect flares as small as 0.26 m 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Nighttime Combustion Source Detection Limits with Short Wavelength VIIRS Data

et al. 2019

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The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) collects low light imaging data at night in five spectral bands. The best known of these is the day/night band (DNB) which uses light intensification for imaging of moonlit clouds in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR). The other four low light imaging bands are in the NIR and short-wave infrared (SWIR), designed for daytime imaging, which continue to collect data at night. VIIRS nightfire (VNF) tests each nighttime pixel for the presence of sub-pixel IR emitters across six spectral bands with two bands each in three spectral ranges: NIR, SWIR, and MWIR. In pixels with detection in two or more bands, Planck curve fitting leads to the calculation of temperature, source area, and radiant heat using physical laws. An analysis of January 2018 global VNF found that inclusion of the NIR and SWIR channels results in a doubling of the VNF pixels with temperature fits over the detection numbers involving the MWIR. The addition of the short wavelength channels extends detection limits to smaller source areas across a broad range of temperatures. The VIIRS DNB has even lower detection limits for combustion sources, reaching 0.001 m2 at 1800 K, a typical temperature for a natural gas flare. Comparison of VNF tallies and DNB fire detections in a 2015 study area in India found the DNB had 15 times more detections than VNF. The primary VNF error sources are false detections from high energy particle detections (HEPD) in space and radiance saturation on some of the most intense events. The HEPD false detections are largely eliminated in the VNF output by requiring multiband detections for the calculation of temperature and source size. Radiance saturation occurs in about 1% of the VNF detections and occurs primarily in the M12 spectral band. Inclusion of the radiances affected by saturation results in temperature and source area calculation errors. Saturation is addressed by identifying the presence of saturation and excluding those radiances from the Planck curve fitting. The extremely low detection limits for the DNB indicates that a DNB fire detection algorithm could reveal vast numbers of combustion sources that are undetectable in longer wavelength VIIRS data. The caveats with the DNB combustion source detection capability is that it should be restricted to pixels that are outside the zone of known VIIRS detected electric lighting.

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“…Elvidge et al also developed a method that uses night-time low-resolution (750 m) imagery from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), analyzed with a multiband fixed threshold algorithm based on shortwave infrared channels called Nightfire, which permits extrapolation of much information [62]. In this way, they created annual databases on global gas flaring freely available online which have been employed as source of data, both for the comparison with different methods and for the investigation of potential impacts [63][64][65].…”

Section: Remote Sensing To Monitor Gas Flaring In the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unburnable and Unleakable Carbon in Western Amazon: Using VIIRS Nightfire Data to Map Gas Flaring and Policy Compliance in the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve

et al. 2019

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In the Amazon Rainforest, a unique post-carbon plan to mitigate global warming and to protect the exceptional bio-cultural diversity was experimented in 2007–2013 by the Ecuadorian government. To preserve the rainforest ecosystems within the Yasuní-ITT oil block, the release of 410 million metric tons of CO2 would have been avoided. The neologism “yasunization” emerged as an Amazonian narrative on “unburnable carbon” to be replicated worldwide. Considering the unburnable carbon, petroleum-associated gas flaring represents the unleakable part. Flaring is an irrational practice that consists of burning waste gases, representing not only a leak of energy but also a pollution source. The general aim of the paper is to monitor gas flaring as a tool, revealing, at the same time, the implementation of environmental technologies in the oil sector and the compliance of sustainable policies in the Amazon region and the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve. Specific objectives are: (i) identifying and estimating gas flaring over seven years (2012–2018); (ii) mapping new flaring sites; iii) estimating potentially affected areas among ecosystems and local communities. We processed National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Nightfire annual dataset, based on the elaboration of imagery from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and developed a GIS-based novel simple method to identify new flaring sites from daily detections. We found that 23.5% of gas flaring sites and 18.4% of volumes of all oil industries operating in Ecuador are located within the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve (YBR). Moreover, we detected 34 additional flaring sites not included in the NOAA dataset—12 in the YBR and one in Tiputini field, a key area for biological and cultural diversity conservation. We also found that at least 10 indigenous communities, 18 populated centers and 10 schools are located in the potentially affected area. Gas flaring can be used as a policy indicator to monitor the implementation of sustainable development practices in complex territories.

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Intercomparison of MODIS and VIIRS Fire Products in Khanty-Mansiysk Russia: Implications for Characterizing Gas Flaring from Space

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Satellite-Based Fire Progression Mapping: A Comprehensive Assessment for Large Fires in Northern California

Satellite-Based Fire Progression Mapping: A Comprehensive Assessment for Large Fires in Northern California

Extending Nighttime Combustion Source Detection Limits with Short Wavelength VIIRS Data

Unburnable and Unleakable Carbon in Western Amazon: Using VIIRS Nightfire Data to Map Gas Flaring and Policy Compliance in the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve

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