Intercomparison of Gafchromic™ films, TL detectors and TL foils for the measurements of skin dose in interventional radiology

Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures

“…For the case with white side facing the Xray tube, a correction factor was applied, estimated from the data published by McCabe et al [18]. For the TLD calibrations, a blind test was carried out among the participants resulting in less than 15% differences [14]. GafChromic® films were analyzed using the red channel and based on net reflectance as discussed by Soliman and Alezeti [23].…”

“…To measure patient skin doses and quantify exposure, several types of dosimeters have been considered such as scintillation detectors, silicon diodes, MOSFET, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD), thermoluminescent (TL) foils, radiochromic films, ionization chambers and gel dosimeters [10][11][12][13][14]. The complexity and heterogeneity of skin exposure in interventional procedures require, however, careful characterization of these detectors.…”

“…The complexity and heterogeneity of skin exposure in interventional procedures require, however, careful characterization of these detectors. Previous studies [14][15][16][17][18] documented a comprehensive characterization of XR-RV3 GafChromic® films (International Specialty Products) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg, Cu, P) or MTS-N (LiF:Mg, Ti) TLDs and TL foils in laboratory and in clinical conditions. Gafchromic films are associated with relatively large measurement uncertainties, which could exceed 20% (coverage factor k = 1) [15,18].…”