Intercollegiate student athlete use of nutritional supplements and the role of athletic trainers and dietitians in nutrition counseling

Burns, R.D.; Schiller, Martin; Merrick, Mark A.; Wolf, K.N.

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.11.013

Cited by 137 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This suggests that users of legal supplements are at a much higher risk of using illegal drugs. This finding is notable when one considers the widespread use of legal supplements across all levels of sport [101][102][103][104]. In a recent study, Backhouse et al [23] suggested that a gradual increase in nutritional supplements' consumption served as a gateway to doping use.…”

Section: Effect Sizes Of Demographic and Social-contextual Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal and Psychosocial Predictors of Doping Use in Physical Activity Settings: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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Key points-A meta-analysis including 63 independent datasets was conducted.-Use of legal supplements, perceived social norms, and positive attitudes towards doping were strong positive correlates of doping intentions and behaviors.-Morality and self-efficacy to refrain from doping were negatively associated with doping intentions and behaviors. AbstractBackground: There is a growing body of empirical evidence on demographic and psychosocial predictors of doping intentions and behaviors utilizing a variety of variables and conceptual models. However, to date there has been no attempt to quantitatively synthesize the available evidence and identify the strongest predictors of doping. Objectives:Using meta-analysis, we aimed to (i) determine effect sizes of psychological (e.g., attitudes), social-contextual factors (e.g., social norms), and demographic (e.g., sex and age) variables on doping intentions and use, (ii) examine variables which moderate such effect sizes, and (iii) test a path analysis model, using the meta-analyzed effect sizes, based on variables from the Theory of Planned Behavior.Data sources: Articles were identified from online databases, by contacting experts in the field, and searching the World Anti-Doping Agency website.Study eligibility criteria and participants: Studies that measured doping behaviors and/or doping intentions, and at least one other demographic, psychological, or social-contextual variable were included. We identified 63 independent datasets. Study appraisal and synthesis method: Study information was extracted by using predefined data fields and taking into account study quality indicators. A random effects meta-analysis was carried out, correcting for sampling and measurement error, and Running head: PERSONAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS OF DOPING 2 identifying moderator variables. Path analysis was conducted on a sub-set of studies that utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior.Results: Use of legal supplements, perceived social norms, and positive attitudes towards doping were the strongest positive correlates of doping intentions and behaviors. In contrast, morality and self-efficacy to refrain from doping had the strongest negative association with doping intentions and behaviors. Furthermore, path analysis suggested that attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy to refrain from doping predicted intentions to dope, and indirectly, doping behaviors. Limitations:Various meta-analyzed effect sizes were based on a small number of studies, which were correlational in nature. This is a limitation of the extant literature. Conclusions:This review identifies a number of important correlates of doping intention and behavior, many of which were measured via self-reports and were drawn from an extended theory of planned behavior framework. Future research might benefit from embracing other conceptual models of doping behavior and adopting experimental methodologies that will test some of the identified correlates in an effort to develop targeted anti-doping policies and programs.

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Section: Effect Sizes Of Demographic and Social-contextual Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal and Psychosocial Predictors of Doping Use in Physical Activity Settings: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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“…It is worth mentioning that trainers of this study, who gave nutrition advice to their athletes obtained a significantly higher percentage of correct answers (54.5%), and a percentage of uncertain answers (10.22%) that was significantly lower than those, who did not give advice (47.7% and 15.9%, respectively). Recent research proves that athletes do not have enough nutritional knowledge (5,6,11,16,17), and their nutritional intake is inadequate to support health and performance (16,(18)(19)(20). Consequently, trainers in Lebanon must rely on adequate knowledge while disseminating factual nutritional information.…”

Section: Sports Nutrition Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Nutritional Knowledge of Lebanese Coaches: A Unique Study in the Middle East and North African (MENA) Region

2017

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“…68,69 Investigators at 1 university found that 88% of athletes used nutritional supplements, and among a high school cohort of 270 athletes, 58% had used some form of supplementation. 70,71 The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act permanently changed the landscape for these substances. In this act, dietary supplements were defined as "a product (other than tobacco) that is intended to supplement the diet.…”

Section: Nutritional Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Popular Ergogenic Drugs and Supplements in Young Athletes

2006

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Ergogenic drugs are substances that are used to enhance athletic performance. These drugs include illicit substances as well as compounds that are marketed as nutritional supplements. Many such drugs have been used widely by professional and elite athletes for several decades. However, in recent years, research indicates that younger athletes are increasingly experimenting with these drugs to improve both appearance and athletic abilities. Ergogenic drugs that are commonly used by youths today include anabolic-androgenic steroids, steroid precursors (androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone), growth hormone, creatine, and ephedra alkaloids. Reviewing the literature to date, it is clear that children are exposed to these substances at younger ages than in years past, with use starting as early as middle school. Anabolic steroids and creatine do offer potential gains in body mass and strength but risk adverse effects to multiple organ systems. Steroid precursors, growth hormone, and ephedra alkaloids have not been proven to enhance any athletic measures, whereas they do impart many risks to their users. To combat this drug abuse, there have been recent changes in the legal status of several substances, changes in the rules of youth athletics including drug testing of high school students, and educational initiatives designed for the young athlete. This article summarizes the current literature regarding these ergogenic substances and details their use, effects, risks, and legal standing.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Intercollegiate student athlete use of nutritional supplements and the role of athletic trainers and dietitians in nutrition counseling

Cited by 137 publications

References 17 publications

Personal and Psychosocial Predictors of Doping Use in Physical Activity Settings: A Meta-Analysis

Personal and Psychosocial Predictors of Doping Use in Physical Activity Settings: A Meta-Analysis

Assessment of Nutritional Knowledge of Lebanese Coaches: A Unique Study in the Middle East and North African (MENA) Region

Popular Ergogenic Drugs and Supplements in Young Athletes

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