Interchangeability between Medical Services and Over-the-Counter Medication in the Case of Commo n Cold: Analysis based on an Original Survey

Masako,; Ohkusa, Yasushi

doi:10.4091/iken1991.9.3_69

Cited by 3 publications

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“…With the rapid aging of Japanese society, we are concerned about the yearly increase of costs. Ii et al . estimated that a ten‐fold enrichment of citizens' knowledge of self‐medication would save up to 60 billion yen of national health care costs, and expand the market of OTC medication by up to 6 billion yen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the self-care capability of the populace becomes more suitable, it will lead to a reduction of these problems: health care costs; the physical and psychological strain of health care providers, such as With the rapid aging of Japanese society, we are concerned about the yearly increase of costs. Ii et al 20 estimated that a ten-fold enrichment of citizens' knowledge of self-medication would save up to 60 billion yen of national health care costs, and expand the market of OTC medication by up to 6 billion yen. Nevertheless, as of 2014 article, there were 36% participants who used OTC cold drugs in a questionnaire survey from Ohasama, a rural Japanese community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reasons for the preference of clinic visits to self‐medication by common cold patients in Japan

Tsutsumi

Shaku

Ozone

et al. 2017

J of Gen and Family Med

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BackgroundMany Japanese visit medical institutions for common cold treatment, which can cause congestion in these institutions and an increase in medical expenses, although the common cold can be treated sufficiently through self‐medication. Therefore, to elucidate the reasons individuals with common colds do not use over‐the‐counter (OTC) medication, we conducted an investigation using a self‐administered inquiry sheet to determine reasons for clinic visits and for the avoidance of OTC medication.MethodsThe study was of patients with self‐diagnosed common cold symptoms using an anonymous self‐report questionnaire.ResultsOf the 471 patients administered the questionnaire, 442 responded. The analysis was focused on the 37 patients who responded that they had considered using OTC medication before coming to the clinic but decided against it and came to the clinic instead. The majority responded positively saying that they felt reassured when seen by a physician (91.9%) and that their common cold was cured more rapidly (89.2%).ConclusionsIt can be presumed that many patients with common colds visit medical institutions because they feel reassured and feel that their symptoms improve at a quicker rate. The findings of this study indicated that there is a need for accurate information and relief from anxiety for patients regarding the common cold.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for the preference of clinic visits to self‐medication by common cold patients in Japan

Tsutsumi

Shaku

Ozone

et al. 2017

J of Gen and Family Med

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“…In Fukuda et al (1999) 11) , the importance of co-payments in choosing a medical facility was lower for gastrointestinal symptoms than for the common cold. In Ii et al (2002) 12) (Survey design and treatment of individual attributes and results on colds are common to Ii et al 1999 13) ), increased co-payment rates led to lower rates of seeking medical care for colds, stiff shoulders and neck muscles, back and hip pain, constipation/ diarrhea, eye strain, and skin irritation, while no effects on medical visits were detected for hay fever, stomach pain and lethargy, headaches and menstrual cramps, athlete's foot and fish eye, injuries, and bruises and sprains. In this case, the impact of co-payments on medical visits was not significant for six of the thirteen diseases, further highlighting the fact that the impact of co-payments was symptom dependent.…”

Section: Discussion (1) For Results Of the Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferences for the forms of co-payment and advance payment in healthcare services; a discrete choice experiment

2021

Asian Pacific Journal of Health Economics and Policy

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In Japan, households receiving welfare benefits are not required to pay for medical services that fall within the scope of their assistance programme. The payment obligations for other low-income households may also be limited because the public health insurance system provides services in-kind. It has been argued, therefore, that these features may contribute to an increase in the nation s healthcare expenditure. However, no strong evidence has been presented so far to support this argument.This study conducted a conjoint analysis based on an online questionnaire survey of households on welfare and other low-income households in general to examine how their use of medical services may be affected if they are required to make co-payments, if their co-payments rise, or if a reimbursement system is adopted. The survey participants are 2,600 people, 458 of whom are from households on welfare (as representatives of all households nationwide that are receiving welfare assistance), 1,542 from other low-income households, and 600 from middleincome households (with annual income between 6 and 12 million yen).The analysis has shown that, in general, an increase in co-payments would discourage people from seeking medical care. However, this relationship was not observed among middle-income households in the case of treatment of children s cavities.Under a system in which patients first pay all the medical expenses in advance and later receive reimbursements, households on welfare and other low-income households in general would be less likely than middle-income households to seek medical care. Such a system would discourage welfare recipients and low-income people from seeking treatment for various medical conditions that they themselves may have and for two specific types of conditions that their children may experience, namely, rough skin and vomiting. However, it would not discourage them from seeking treatment for children s high fevers or cavities, except in the case of cavities in children of low-income parents.

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Assessing the Consumer Acceptability of Vaccine Rice

Saito

Aizaki

Saito

2022

JJAE

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Interchangeability between Medical Services and Over-the-Counter Medication in the Case of Commo n Cold: Analysis based on an Original Survey

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Reasons for the preference of clinic visits to self‐medication by common cold patients in Japan

Reasons for the preference of clinic visits to self‐medication by common cold patients in Japan

Preferences for the forms of co-payment and advance payment in healthcare services; a discrete choice experiment

Assessing the Consumer Acceptability of Vaccine Rice

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